US Food and Drug Administration, Forensic Chemistry Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
J Forensic Sci. 2021 Mar;66(2):491-504. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.14600. Epub 2020 Nov 2.
The opioid crisis in the USA has resulted in over 702,000 overdose fatalities between 1999 and 2017 and can be attributed to over-prescription of opioids and abuse of synthetic opioids in combination with other illicit drugs. A rapid and sensitive SERS method has been developed for trace detection of opioids including fentanyl, hydrocodone, oxycodone, and tramadol in low-dosage suspect tablets using two different handheld Raman spectrometers equipped with 785 and 1064 nm lasers. The method involves a micro-extraction procedure using 10% methanol in deionized water, followed by filtration and addition of colloidal silver and aqueous KBr, resulting in a mixture that can be measured directly via a glass vial. The lowest concentration (C ) of fentanyl, tramadol, oxycodone, and hydrocodone standards that yielded a positive match was 250 ng/ml, 5, 10, and 10 μg/ml using the 1064 nm laser device and 100 ng/ml, 1 μg/ml, 500 ng/ml, and 750 ng/ml using the 785 nm laser device, respectively. For the analysis of suspect tablets containing these opioids, the C ranges between 5 and 75 µg/ml for 1064 nm laser device and 1 and 50 µg/ml for 785 nm laser device. The overall positive identification rate for all the opioids studied in the suspect counterfeit tablets analyzed ranged from 80% to 100%. The use of SERS for rapid chemical identification at remote sampling sites, such as international mail facilities (IMFs) and express courier hubs (ECHs), provides a rugged, simple, and practical method applicable for point-of-entry sampling and analysis.
美国的阿片类药物危机导致 1999 年至 2017 年期间有超过 702000 人因药物过量而死亡，这可归因于阿片类药物的过度处方和合成阿片类药物与其他非法药物的滥用。本研究开发了一种快速灵敏的 SERS 方法，用于痕量检测包括芬太尼、氢可酮、羟考酮和曲马多在内的阿片类药物，该方法使用配备 785nm 和 1064nm 激光器的两种不同的手持式拉曼光谱仪，对低剂量疑似片剂进行检测。该方法涉及使用 10%甲醇的微提取程序，随后进行过滤，并添加胶体银和水合 KBr，得到可直接通过玻璃小瓶进行测量的混合物。使用 1064nm 激光装置，芬太尼、曲马多、羟考酮和氢可酮标准的最低浓度（C）为 250ng/ml、5、10 和 10μg/ml，而使用 785nm 激光装置，浓度分别为 100ng/ml、1μg/ml、500ng/ml 和 750ng/ml。对于含有这些阿片类药物的疑似片剂的分析，1064nm 激光装置的 C 值范围为 5-75μg/ml，785nm 激光装置的 C 值范围为 1-50μg/ml。在所分析的疑似假冒片剂中，对所有研究阿片类药物的总体阳性识别率为 80%至 100%。在远程采样点（如国际邮件设施 (IMF) 和快递中心 (ECH)）使用 SERS 进行快速化学识别，提供了一种坚固、简单且实用的方法，适用于入境点采样和分析。
