Motallebi Mahroo, Khorsandi Khatereh, Sepahy Abbas Akhavan, Chamani Elham, Hosseinzadeh Reza
Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran; Department of Photodynamic, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2020 Dec;32:102074. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102074. Epub 2020 Oct 31.
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has drawn increasing attention for its potential to effectively kill multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria and also for its low tendency to induce drug resistance. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is the application of photoactive dye followed by light irradiation that leads to the death of microbial cells mainly by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the presence of oxygen molecules. Methylene Blue (MB) as a photosensitizer is a hydrophobic drug molecule and prone to aggregation and dimer formation which lead to its low phototoxicity. Rutin, a flavonoid compound which is derived from plants such as wheat, apple, and tea has many properties such as antibacterial activity. In this study, we investigated the effect of rutin as a flavonoid compound on photodynamic inactivation by MB on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. After performing the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) assay (to measure minimum inhibitory concentration) and the MTT assay (to evaluate methylene blue toxicity), the effect of aPDT at 660 nm and pretreatment or post treatment with rutin on bacteria in the forms of planktonic and biofilm were investigated. The results showed that by a combination of rutin (800 μg/mL) with methylene blue (MB 8 μg/mL) as a photosensitizer and aPDT (660 nm, 5 min), there is a more reduction in the number of bacteria in the planktonic condition and bacterial biofilm production in comparison to MB alone. MB-aPDT showed no toxic effect against human dermal fibroblast with the proposed strategy which could suggest its application with rutin as a novel approach in the treatment of bacteria in wound infection.
抗菌光动力疗法（aPDT）因其有效杀灭多重耐药病原菌的潜力以及较低的诱导耐药性倾向而受到越来越多的关注。抗菌光动力疗法（aPDT）是指先应用光敏染料，然后进行光照，在氧分子存在的情况下，主要通过产生活性氧（ROS）导致微生物细胞死亡。亚甲蓝（MB）作为一种光敏剂，是一种疏水性药物分子，容易聚集和形成二聚体，这导致其光毒性较低。芦丁是一种黄酮类化合物，来源于小麦、苹果和茶叶等植物，具有抗菌活性等多种特性。在本研究中，我们研究了黄酮类化合物芦丁对MB光动力灭活铜绿假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的影响。在进行最低抑菌浓度（MIC）测定（以测量最低抑菌浓度）和MTT测定（以评估亚甲蓝毒性）后，研究了660 nm的aPDT以及芦丁预处理或后处理对浮游和生物膜形式细菌的影响。结果表明，与单独使用MB相比，将芦丁（800 μg/mL）与作为光敏剂的亚甲蓝（MB 8 μg/mL）联合使用，并进行aPDT（660 nm，5分钟），在浮游状态下细菌数量的减少以及细菌生物膜的产生方面效果更显著。所提出的策略中，MB-aPDT对人皮肤成纤维细胞无毒性作用，这表明其与芦丁联合应用可能是治疗伤口感染中细菌的一种新方法。
