Lumeij J T
Department of Avian and Exotic Animal Medicine, Small Animal Clinic, State University Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Vet Q. 1987 Jul;9(3):262-8. doi: 10.1080/01652176.1987.9694111.
This paper summarises current knowledge of the diagnostic value of avian plasma proteins and non-protein nitrogen substances. Reference values for total protein, the albumin: globulin ratio, uric acid, creatinine, and urea for various avian species are presented. The importance of the albumin:globulin ratio and the urea:uric acid ratio is emphasised.