Department of Radiology, Toxicology and Civil Protection, Faculty of Health and Social Studies, University of South Bohemia, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Oct 31;21(21):8185. doi: 10.3390/ijms21218185.
New psychoactive substances are being used as drugs and appear to be quite popular nowadays. Thanks to their specific properties, these drugs create inimitable experiences for intoxicated people. Synthetic cathinones are the most common compounds in these new drugs. Among them, α-pyrrolidopentadione (α-PVP), or "Flakka" (street name), is one of the most famous cathinone-designed drugs. Similar to other synthetic cathinone drugs, α-PVP can effectively inhibit norepinephrine and dopamine transmitters. The adverse reactions of α-PVP mainly include mania, tachycardia, and hallucinations. An increasing number of people are being admitted to emergency wards due to the consequences of their use. This work mainly summarizes the history, synthesis, pharmacology, toxicology, structure-activity relationship, metabolism, clinical process and health risks, poisoning and death, forensic toxicology, and legal status of α-PVP. We hope this review will help bring more attention to the exploration of this substance in order to raise awareness of its negative impacts on humans.
新型精神活性物质被用作毒品，如今似乎相当流行。由于其特殊的性质，这些药物会给吸毒者带来独特的体验。合成卡西酮是这些新型毒品中最常见的化合物。其中，α-吡咯戊酮（α-PVP）或“Flakka”（俗称）是最著名的卡西酮设计药物之一。与其他合成卡西酮类药物一样，α-PVP 能有效抑制去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺递质。α-PVP 的不良反应主要包括躁狂、心动过速和幻觉。越来越多的人因使用该药物而被送进急诊病房。本工作主要总结了 α-PVP 的历史、合成、药理学、毒理学、构效关系、代谢、临床过程和健康风险、中毒和死亡、法医毒理学和法律地位。我们希望这篇综述能引起更多人关注对该物质的探索，以便提高人们对其对人类负面影响的认识。
