Dpto. Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), San Andrés 800, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
CERZOS, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Camino La Carrindanga Km 7, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
Environ Monit Assess. 2020 Nov 4;192(12):746. doi: 10.1007/s10661-020-08711-6.
Herbicide-resistant oilseed rape (Brassica napus) cultivation in our country entails the risk of gene transfer to related wild species. One of these species is the wild turnip (B. rapa), an important weed of winter crops widely distributed in the Pampas region. Despite hybridization risks, Clearfield ® oilseed rape is available in Argentina. In 2008, a B. rapa population, which was sympatric to an imidazolinone-resistant and a conventional oilseed rape cultivar, was located on a farm in the main cropping area of the country. Herbicide-resistant individuals were found in the progeny of this population in a herbicide screening test. Therefore, a molecular characterization using cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers was conducted on these plants to determine their hybrid nature and to establish the origin of the imidazolinone resistance trait. The results of this study, along with information of field records, confirmed that the resistant plants were first generation interspecific hybrids. Imidazolinone resistance had been effectively transferred from the herbicide-resistant oilseed rape, even in the particular situation of pollen competition. Oilseed rape resistant cultivars are becoming more common in the country. So, considering that seed loss and crop volunteers are common in these species, it is crucial to avoid the dispersion of new resistant weed biotypes as they reduce the effectiveness of chemical control technologies.
我国种植的抗除草剂油菜（甘蓝型油菜）可能导致基因转移到相关的野生种。其中一个野生种是野油菜（甘蓝型油菜），这是一种广泛分布在潘帕斯地区的冬作物杂草。尽管存在杂交风险，但阿根廷仍有使用耐草甘膦油菜。2008 年，在该国主要种植区的一个农场中发现了一个与咪唑啉酮抗性和常规油菜品种同域的野油菜种群。在除草剂筛选试验中，从该种群的后代中发现了抗除草剂个体。因此，对这些植物进行了基于切割扩增多态性序列（CAPS）和简单重复序列（SSR）标记的分子特征分析，以确定它们的杂种性质，并确定咪唑啉酮抗性性状的来源。这项研究的结果以及田间记录的信息证实，抗性植株是第一代种间杂种。即使在花粉竞争的特殊情况下，咪唑啉酮抗性也已从抗除草剂油菜中有效转移。耐除草剂油菜品种在该国越来越常见。因此，考虑到这些物种中种子损失和作物自生苗很常见，必须避免新的抗性杂草生物型的扩散，因为它们会降低化学控制技术的效果。
