Sports Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, Madison, WI.
Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2021 May 1;53(5):945-950. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002558.
The primary aims of this investigation were to describe the magnitude of asymmetries of common variables during running among healthy athletes and to determine if sex and speed influence magnitudes of asymmetry.
This study analyzed routinely collected running gait data on healthy Division I collegiate athletes. All athletes had no history of lower extremity surgery, no lower extremity injuries for 3 months before testing, and running data available at 2.68, 2.95, 3.35, 3.80, and 4.47 m·s-1. Asymmetries were calculated for ground reaction forces, spatiotemporal metrics, joint kinematics, and joint kinetics. Separate linear mixed-effects models assessed the influence of sex, speed, and the interaction on asymmetries of interest. z Scores were calculated for significant effects to further assess the magnitude of differences.
Results from 204 athletes were included. The magnitude of asymmetry varied depending on the variable of interest, with asymmetries ≤3° observed for joint kinematics and greater asymmetries observed among joint work asymmetries ranging from 10% to 40%. No significant interactions between sex and speed were observed. Differences in sex and speed were noted; however, the effect sizes were very small based on z score comparison (-0.17 ≤ z ≤ 0.36) and were unlikely to be meaningful.
The magnitude of asymmetry varies considerably depending on the running gait variable. Interpretation of between-limb asymmetry in running mechanics needs to be specific to the variable of interest, whereas sex or running speed seem to be minor factors.
本研究旨在描述健康运动员跑步过程中常见变量的不对称程度，并确定性别和速度是否会影响不对称程度。
本研究分析了健康一级大学运动员的常规跑步步态数据。所有运动员均无下肢手术史，测试前 3 个月无下肢损伤，且在 2.68、2.95、3.35、3.80 和 4.47 m·s-1 处具有跑步数据。计算了地面反作用力、时空度量、关节运动学和关节动力学的不对称性。单独的线性混合效应模型评估了性别、速度以及它们之间的相互作用对感兴趣的不对称性的影响。对显著影响进行 z 评分计算，以进一步评估差异的幅度。
共纳入 204 名运动员的结果。不对称性的幅度取决于所关注的变量，关节运动学的不对称性≤3°，而关节功的不对称性则在 10%到 40%之间。性别和速度之间没有显著的相互作用。性别和速度存在差异，但基于 z 分数比较（-0.17≤z≤0.36），差异非常小，不太可能具有实际意义。
不对称性的幅度取决于跑步步态变量的变化。在跑步力学中解释肢体间的不对称性需要根据所关注的变量进行具体分析，而性别或跑步速度似乎是次要因素。
