van Tol Robert W H M, Davidson Melanie M, Butler Ruth C, Teulon David A J, de Kogel Willem Jan
Wageningen University and Research PO Box 69 Wageningen 6700 AB The Netherlands.
New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited Private Bag 4704 Christchurch New Zealand.
Entomol Exp Appl. 2020 Sep;168(9):665-677. doi: 10.1111/eea.12969. Epub 2020 Sep 27.
'Lure-and-infect' is an insect pest management strategy with high potential but so far there are few examples of its application. Using traps as surrogates for auto-dissemination devices, we tested the attractiveness to naturally occurring thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) of three trap types differing in colour and structure, with and without the thrips lure methyl isonicotinate (MI), and sticky plate traps as a control. The aim was to find more effective traps that could be further developed into devices for auto-dissemination and lure-and-infect of thrips. The number of thrips captured varied substantially with trap type and the presence of the MI lure. We found a high visual response to a sticky 'white ruffle' trap (i.e., a 30-cm-long cylindrical outline of folded fabric), compared to a commonly used blue sticky plate trap (Bug-scan) as the control. This effect was seen both in a greenhouse with roses ( spp.), where we encountered western flower thrips, (Pergande), and in a grass field, where we encountered onion thrips, Lindeman, and New Zealand flower thrips, (Crawford). In the absence of MI, the white ruffle trap caught 7-22× more thrips than the control Bug-scan trap. A similarly designed blue ruffle trap and a modified Lynfield trap caught lower thrips numbers than the white ruffle and the control Bug-scan traps. Presence of MI substantially increased the captures of in all three trap types in the field (2.5-18×). In the greenhouse, without MI the white ruffle trap caught 3.5-14× more thrips than the Bug-scan, blue ruffle, or modified Lynfield traps. Presence of MI increased the captures of males and females in the Lynfield and blue ruffle traps (1.4-2.8×), but not in the white ruffle trap in the greenhouse (ca. 1.1×). The importance of visual and olfactory factors for the design of effective auto-dissemination and lure-and-infect strategies for thrips management is discussed.
“诱捕-感染”是一种具有很大潜力的害虫管理策略，但目前其应用实例较少。我们使用陷阱作为自动传播装置的替代物，测试了三种颜色和结构不同的陷阱对自然发生的蓟马（缨翅目：蓟马科）的吸引力，这些陷阱有无蓟马引诱剂异烟酸甲酯（MI），并以粘性板陷阱作为对照。目的是找到更有效的陷阱，以便进一步开发成用于蓟马自动传播和诱捕-感染的装置。捕获的蓟马数量因陷阱类型和MI引诱剂的存在而有很大差异。与作为对照的常用蓝色粘性板陷阱（Bug-scan）相比，我们发现对粘性“白色褶边”陷阱（即一个30厘米长的折叠织物圆柱形轮廓）有很高的视觉反应。在种植玫瑰（蔷薇属）的温室中，我们遇到了西花蓟马，弗兰克氏花蓟马（Pergande），以及在草地中，我们遇到了葱蓟马，Lindeman葱蓟马，和新西兰花蓟马，Crawford花蓟马，都观察到了这种效果。在没有MI的情况下，白色褶边陷阱捕获的蓟马比对照Bug-scan陷阱多7 - 22倍。一个设计类似的蓝色褶边陷阱和一个改良的Lynfield陷阱捕获的蓟马数量低于白色褶边陷阱和对照Bug-scan陷阱。在田间，MI的存在显著增加了所有三种陷阱类型中蓟马的捕获量（2.5 - 18倍）。在温室中，没有MI时，白色褶边陷阱捕获的蓟马比Bug-scan、蓝色褶边或改良Lynfield陷阱多3.5 - 14倍。MI的存在增加了Lynfield陷阱和蓝色褶边陷阱中雄性和雌性蓟马的捕获量（1.4 - 2.8倍），但在温室中的白色褶边陷阱中没有增加（约1.1倍）。本文讨论了视觉和嗅觉因素对设计有效的蓟马管理自动传播和诱捕-感染策略的重要性。
