Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3500 Civic Center Boulevard, Buerger Building -12th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3500 Civic Center Boulevard, Buerger Building -12th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2020 Dec;49(4):679-693. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2020.08.003. Epub 2020 Oct 14.
Pediatric type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing in incidence, with risk factors including obesity, puberty, family history of T2DM in a first-degree or second-degree relative, history of small-for-gestational-age at birth, child of a gestational diabetes pregnancy, minority racial group, and lower socioeconomic status. The pathophysiology of T2DM consists of insulin resistance and progression to pancreatic beta-cell failure, which is more rapid in pediatric T2DM compared with adult T2DM. Treatment options are limited. Treatment failure and nonadherence rates are high in pediatric T2DM; therefore, early diagnosis and treatment and new pharmacologic options and/or effective behavioral interventions are needed.
儿童 2 型糖尿病(T2DM)的发病率正在上升,其危险因素包括肥胖、青春期、一级或二级亲属中有 T2DM 家族史、出生时小于胎龄、妊娠期糖尿病患儿、少数民族和较低的社会经济地位。T2DM 的病理生理学包括胰岛素抵抗和胰岛β细胞功能衰竭,与成人 T2DM 相比,儿童 T2DM 的进展更为迅速。治疗选择有限。儿童 T2DM 的治疗失败和不依从率较高;因此,需要早期诊断和治疗以及新的药物选择和/或有效的行为干预。