Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Bouverie St, Carlton, VIC, 3010, Australia.
Institute for Health Transformation and School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Burwood, 3125, Australia.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2021 Jun;56(6):1035-1047. doi: 10.1007/s00127-020-01970-1. Epub 2020 Nov 5.
There is some evidence that employed women report more time pressure and work-life penalties than employed men and other women; however little is known about whether this exerts a mental health effect. This analysis examined associations between household labour force arrangements (household-employment configuration) and the mental health of men and women.
Seventeen waves of data from the Household Income and Labour Dynamics Survey (2001-2017) were used. Mental health was measured using the Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5). A six-category measure of household-employment configuration was derived: dual full-time employed, male-breadwinner, female-breadwinner, shared part-time employment (both part-time), male full-time/female part-time (modified male-breadwinner, MMBW), and female full-time/male part-time. Using fixed-effects regression methods, we examined the within-person effects of household-employment configuration on mental health after controlling for time-varying confounders.
For men, being in the female-breadwinner configuration was associated with poorer mental health compared to being in the MMBW configuration (β-1.98, 95% CI - 3.36, - 0.61). The mental health of women was poorer when in the male-breadwinner configuration, compared to when in the MMBW arrangement (β-0.89, 95% CI - 1.56, - 0.22).
These results suggest that the mental health of both men and women is poorer when not in the labour force, either as a man in the female-breadwinner arrangement, or as a woman in the male-breadwinner arrangement. These results are particularly noteworthy for women, because they pertain to a sizeable proportion of the population who are not in paid work, and highlight the need for policy reform to support women's labour force participation.
有证据表明，与男性和其他女性相比，就业女性报告的时间压力和工作与生活的矛盾更大；然而，对于这是否会对心理健康产生影响，我们知之甚少。本分析研究了家庭劳动力安排（家庭就业配置）与男性和女性心理健康之间的关系。
使用家庭收入和劳动力动态调查（2001-2017 年）的 17 个波次的数据。使用心理健康量表（MHI-5）衡量心理健康。从家庭就业配置中得出了一个六类指标：双全职就业、男性养家糊口、女性养家糊口、共享兼职就业（双方兼职）、男性全职/女性兼职（改良男性养家糊口，MMBW）和女性全职/男性兼职。使用固定效应回归方法，我们在控制了随时间变化的混杂因素后，研究了家庭就业配置对心理健康的个体内影响。
对于男性来说，与处于 MMBW 配置相比，处于女性养家糊口配置与心理健康较差相关（β-1.98，95%CI-3.36，-0.61）。与处于 MMBW 安排相比，女性处于男性养家糊口模式时，心理健康状况更差（β-0.89，95%CI-1.56，-0.22）。
这些结果表明，无论是男性处于女性养家糊口的模式，还是女性处于男性养家糊口的模式，不参与劳动力市场，都会对男性和女性的心理健康产生负面影响。这些结果对于女性来说尤其值得注意，因为她们属于相当一部分没有从事有偿工作的人口，这凸显了政策改革的必要性，以支持女性参与劳动力市场。
