Scientific Communications Consultant, Floyd, Virginia, USA.
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
J Vet Intern Med. 2020 Nov;34(6):2187-2196. doi: 10.1111/jvim.15961. Epub 2020 Nov 6.
Elevated concentrations of serum phosphate are linked with progression and increased case fatality rate in animals and humans with chronic kidney disease. Elevated concentrations of serum phosphate can be a risk factor for development of renal and cardiovascular diseases or osteoporosis in previously healthy people. In rodents, an excess intake of dietary phosphorus combined with an inverse dietary calcium : phosphorus ratio (<1 : 1) contributes to renal calcification. Renal injury also has occured in cats fed experimental diets supplemented with highly soluble phosphate salts, especially in diets with inverse calcium : phosphorus ratios. However, not all phosphorus sources contribute similarly to this effect. This review, which focuses on cats, summarizes the published evidence regarding phosphorus metabolism and homeostasis, including the relative impact of different dietary phosphorus sources, and their impact on the kidneys. No data currently shows that commercial cat foods induce renal injury. However, some diets contain high amounts of phosphorus relative to recommendations and some have inverse Ca : P ratios and so could increase the risk for development of kidney disease. While limiting the use of highly soluble phosphates appears to be important, there are insufficient data to support a specific upper limit for phosphate intake. This review also proposes areas where additional research is needed in order to strengthen conclusions and recommendations regarding dietary phosphorus for cats.
血清磷酸盐浓度升高与慢性肾脏病动物和人类的进展和病死率增加有关。血清磷酸盐浓度升高可能是导致原本健康人群发生肾脏和心血管疾病或骨质疏松症的一个危险因素。在啮齿动物中，饮食中磷的过量摄入与膳食钙：磷比值（<1:1）呈反比，会导致肾脏钙化。在给猫喂食补充高水溶性磷酸盐盐的实验饮食后，也会发生肾损伤，尤其是在钙：磷比值呈反比的饮食中。然而，并非所有的磷源都会产生同样的影响。本综述重点关注猫，总结了有关磷代谢和稳态的已发表证据，包括不同饮食磷源的相对影响及其对肾脏的影响。目前尚无数据表明商业猫粮会引起肾损伤。然而，一些饮食中磷的含量相对于推荐量较高，并且一些饮食中钙：磷比值呈反比，因此可能会增加患肾脏疾病的风险。虽然限制使用高水溶性磷酸盐似乎很重要，但目前还没有足够的数据来支持磷酸盐摄入的特定上限。本综述还提出了需要进一步研究的领域，以便加强有关猫饮食中磷的结论和建议。
