University of Jaén, Department of Psychology, Jaén, Spain.
University of Jaén, Department of Psychology, Jaén, Spain.
Biol Psychol. 2020 Nov;157:107977. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107977. Epub 2020 Nov 5.
Possible age-related changes in different working memory (WM) subcomponents were assessed by analyzing the event-related-potentials associated with the n-back task. Two versions of the task (0- and 1-back) were administered to 168 subjects between 6 and 20 years of age. In both n-back tasks, lists of symbol-letter pairs were presented. Participants had to select the letter and decide whether it matched the target in memory. Selection-matching of the relevant item, as indexed by an N2pc component, was evident in all age groups, indicating early maturation of this ability. The decreasing amplitude of the P300 with age, coupled with the longer duration of the load effect in young children, suggests that WM updating requires greater processing resources at younger ages. The slow wave, present during the maintenance period, showed an inversion of polarity with age in anterior sites that could reflect age-related changes in the active maintenance of information in WM.
通过分析与 n-回任务相关的事件相关电位，评估了不同工作记忆 (WM) 子成分中可能与年龄相关的变化。该任务有两个版本（0 回和 1 回），供 168 名 6 至 20 岁的受试者完成。在两个 n-回任务中，都会呈现符号-字母对列表。参与者必须选择字母并判断其是否与记忆中的目标匹配。相关项目的选择匹配，由 N2pc 成分表示，在所有年龄组中都很明显，表明这种能力的早期成熟。随着年龄的增长，P300 的振幅减小，同时儿童的负荷效应持续时间较长，这表明 WM 更新在年幼时需要更多的处理资源。在维持期期间出现的慢波，在前额部位随着年龄的增长出现极性反转，这可能反映了 WM 中信息主动维持的与年龄相关的变化。
