Naval Facilities Engineering and Expeditionary Warfare Center, 1000 23(rd)Ave. Port Hueneme, CA, 93043, USA.
Battelle Memorial Institute, 141 Longwater Drive, Suite 202, Norwell, MA, 02061, USA.
J Environ Manage. 2021 Feb 1;279:111502. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111502. Epub 2020 Nov 5.
Development of on-site treatment strategies for PFAS-containing investigation derived waste (IDW) will decrease the potential for secondary release following off-site disposal, lower disposal costs, and promote more effective long-term management of PFAS-laden waste. Herein, we report the application of a simple, drop-in treatment that utilizes one of two PFAS sorbents: bituminous granular activated carbon (GAC) or strong base anion exchange resin (IX) and a small circulation pump to adsorb and concentrate PFAS impacted mass from liquid IDW collected from two sites with disparate water chemistries and synthetic IDW amended with PFAS-containing aqueous film forming foam (AFFF). Bench scale intermittent circulation experiments revealed that bituminous granular activated carbon (GAC, 0.5 mg/mL) removed up to 97.0 ± 1.4% and 96.4 ± 0.5% of PFOS and PFOA, respectively, in both site-derived IDW sources. Improved performance was observed in experimental treatments containing a strong base anion exchange resin (IX, 0.5 mg/mL), where up to 99.4 ± 0.1% and 96.7 ± 0.2% of PFOS and PFOA were removed, respectively. High chloride concentrations (20 g/L) reduced removal of short chain perfluorocarboxylates (PFBA and PFHxA) using GAC or IX, but high salt concentrations had negligible effects on the removal of PFOA, PFBS, PFHxS, or PFOS. Excellent scalability was observed in mesoscale experiments, where the majority of amended PFAS mass was removed from synthetic IDW within five days of vessel circulation using two different PFAS-capture configurations. Combined PFOS and PFOA concentrations were reduced to levels below 0.07 μg/L using either GAC or IX for both configurations. Results generated in this study support the application of this approach as an economical strategy for potential waste volume reduction in IDW destined for off-site disposal.
开发现场处理策略，用于处理含全氟化合物的调查衍生废物（IDW），可降低废物场外处置后二次释放的可能性，降低处置成本，并促进对受全氟化合物污染的废物进行更有效的长期管理。在此，我们报告了一种简单的现场处理方法的应用，该方法利用两种全氟化合物吸附剂之一：沥青基颗粒活性炭（GAC）或强碱阴离子交换树脂（IX）和一个小型循环泵，从两个具有不同水质的地点收集的受全氟化合物影响的液体 IDW 以及用含有全氟化合物的水成膜泡沫（AFFF）处理过的合成 IDW 中吸附和浓缩全氟化合物。在实验室规模的间歇循环实验中，发现沥青基颗粒活性炭（GAC，0.5 mg/mL）可去除两个来源的 IDW 中高达 97.0 ± 1.4%和 96.4 ± 0.5%的全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）和全氟辛酸（PFOA）。在含有强碱阴离子交换树脂（IX，0.5 mg/mL）的实验处理中观察到了更好的性能，其中分别去除了高达 99.4 ± 0.1%和 96.7 ± 0.2%的 PFOS 和 PFOA。高氯浓度（20 g/L）会降低 GAC 或 IX 对短链全氟羧酸（PFBA 和 PFHxA）的去除率，但高盐浓度对 PFOA、PFBS、PFHxS 或 PFOS 的去除率影响可以忽略不计。在中试实验中观察到了极好的可扩展性，在使用两种不同的全氟化合物捕获配置的容器循环五天内，从合成 IDW 中去除了大部分添加的全氟化合物。使用 GAC 或 IX 对两种配置的全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛酸的浓度都降低到了 0.07μg/L 以下。本研究的结果支持将这种方法作为一种经济有效的策略，用于减少场外处置的 IDW 潜在废物量。
