Duckett J W, Koop C E
Urol Clin North Am. 1977 Jun;4(2):285-95.
Neuroblastoma is the most common solid malignant tumor in children. The prognosis is poor, and despite varying chemotherapy and radiation regimens, its status has not been altered much in the past 20 years. Seventy per cent of the patients have abdominal neuroblastomas, which carry the worst prognosis of all the possible sites for the disease. Seventy per cent of the patients have metastases at the time of diagnosis. Survival is best in children under one year of age and in those patients (8 per cent) who are fortunate enough to have only stage I disease. Stage IV disease has only a 3 per cent survival rate. Surgical removal of the tumor is still the primary therapy; irradiation is of significant benefit in patients with stage III disease. Immunotherapy offers an optimistic modality for future improvement in survival rates.
神经母细胞瘤是儿童最常见的实体恶性肿瘤。其预后较差，尽管化疗和放疗方案各不相同，但在过去20年里其状况并未有太大改变。70%的患者患有腹部神经母细胞瘤，这是该病所有可能发病部位中预后最差的。70%的患者在诊断时已有转移。一岁以下儿童以及那些幸运地仅处于I期疾病的患者（8%）生存率最高。IV期疾病的生存率仅为3%。手术切除肿瘤仍然是主要治疗方法；放疗对III期疾病患者有显著益处。免疫疗法为未来提高生存率提供了一种乐观的治疗方式。
