Dept of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
Dept of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
Forensic Sci Int. 2020 Dec;317:110559. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110559. Epub 2020 Oct 25.
Driving under the influence of alcohol (DUIA) and drugs (DUID) is considered an elevated risk for traffic safety. When assessing a driver's fitness to drive, standardized and objective measurement methods are still required, in order to clarify the question whether an individual is under the influence of substances acting on the central nervous system (CNS). We exposed healthy test subjects (n=41) as well as persons who were under the influence of cannabis after repeated inhalation to multiple light stimuli using infrared technology and measured the pupillary light reflex (PLR). Toxicological tests of blood samples taken from every subject followed. The aims of this study were to assess the differences in pupillography response between cannabis consumers after a washout period and no cannabis consumers as well as the dose related effects on pupillography parameters of cannabis in cannabis consumers. All four pupillary parameters changed according to a weakened pupil function after acute administration of cannabis in all test subjects. Furthermore, it could be observed that habitual cannabis consumers showed an altered pupillary function just before the first dose was taken, suggesting that the long-term effects and addiction also have to be taken into account, when effects of the CNS are discussed. The results of the present study show that almost all pupil parameters could be reliable indicators for the detection of subjects under the acute effect of cannabis.
在酒精（DUIA）和药物（DUID）的影响下驾驶被认为是对交通安全的高风险因素。在评估驾驶员是否适合驾驶时，仍需要使用标准化和客观的测量方法，以澄清个体是否受到作用于中枢神经系统（CNS）的物质的影响。我们使用红外技术使健康的测试对象（n=41）以及多次吸入大麻后的受影响个体暴露于多个光刺激下，并测量瞳孔光反射（PLR）。随后对每个对象的血液样本进行毒理学测试。本研究的目的是评估大麻戒断期后大麻使用者与非大麻使用者之间瞳孔描记反应的差异，以及大麻对大麻使用者瞳孔描记参数的剂量相关影响。所有四项瞳孔参数在所有测试对象中均显示出瞳孔功能减弱，提示在讨论 CNS 效应时，还必须考虑长期效应和成瘾性。本研究的结果表明，几乎所有的瞳孔参数都可以作为检测处于大麻急性效应下的受试者的可靠指标。
