The purpose of this study was to estimate the pharmacological effect of geniposide (GEN) on depression, caused by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), and explore its potential mechanism. During the 6 week CUMS procedure, the mice were treated with GEN (10, 40 mg/kg) by gavage once daily for 3 weeks. As a result, the GEN treatment remarkably improved the behavioral manifestations and suppressed the generations of inflammatory cytokines both in vivo and in vitro. The MDA level was significantly increased, while the activities of SOD, GSH-PX were decreased in CUMS-challenged mice and corticosterone-stimulated PC12 cells. GEN administration significantly inhibited those changes. Moreover, GEN treatment could downregulate the expressions of p-BTK, TLR4, MyD88, p-NF-κB proteins, and upregulate BDNF, p-TrkB generations in CUMS-induced mice. Moreover, GEN administration inhibited the protein levels of p-BTK, TLR4, MyD88, p-NF-κB in corticosterone-induced PC12 cell. In summary, the results suggested that GEN exerted a therapeutic effect on CUMS-induced depressive mice possibly through the regulation of BTK/TLR4/NF-κB and BDNF/TrkB signaling pathways.