Schulte P A
Industrywide Studies Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226.
J Occup Med. 1987 Nov;29(11):884-91.
Genetic factors rarely have been considered in studies of occupational risks. This leaves unresolved many questions of differential disease distribution in similarly exposed groups. In this analysis the medical and epidemiologic literature has been surveyed and the methods for assessing genetic and occupational risks in the same study have been identified and critiqued. Five major methodologic approaches have been identified: (1) adjustment for race, ethnicity, and sex; (2) case studies of occupational disease in genetically susceptible workers; (3) cross-sectional evaluations of the prevalence of disease among genetically differentiated groups; (4) case-control studies of the association of genetic characteristics and disease; and (5) family studies of disease aggregations. These approaches, in part, allow for controlling genetic factors or identifying susceptible genes or phenotype markers that may differentiate occupational populations according to risk. However, in many of the studies evaluated, the methods used were not very powerful for detecting gene-occupation interactions. More powerful designs need to be utilized for the simultaneous assessment of genetic and occupational risk.
在职业风险研究中，遗传因素很少被考虑。这使得许多关于在暴露情况相似的群体中疾病分布差异的问题仍未得到解决。在本分析中，对医学和流行病学文献进行了调查，并确定和批评了在同一研究中评估遗传风险和职业风险的方法。已确定了五种主要的方法学途径：(1) 对种族、民族和性别进行调整；(2) 对遗传易感性工人的职业病进行案例研究；(3) 对遗传分化群体中疾病患病率进行横断面评估；(4) 对遗传特征与疾病之间的关联进行病例对照研究；以及 (5) 对疾病聚集情况进行家族研究。这些方法在一定程度上有助于控制遗传因素，或识别可能根据风险区分职业人群的易感基因或表型标记。然而，在许多评估的研究中，所使用的方法在检测基因 - 职业相互作用方面并不十分有效。需要采用更有效的设计来同时评估遗传风险和职业风险。
