Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2020 Dec 15;409:115330. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115330. Epub 2020 Nov 7.
An investigation into the potential toxicological effects of fracking sand dust (FSD), collected from unconventional gas drilling sites, has been undertaken, along with characterization of their chemical and biophysical properties. Using intratracheal instillation of nine FSDs in rats and a whole body 4-d inhalation model for one of the FSDs, i.e., FSD 8, and related in vivo and in vitro experiments, the effects of nine FSDs on the respiratory, cardiovascular and immune systems, brain and kidney were reported in the preceding eight tandem papers. Here, a summary is given of the key observations made in the organ systems reported in the individual studies. The major finding that inhaled FSD 8 elicits responses in extra-pulmonary organ systems is unexpected, as is the observation that the pulmonary effects of inhaled FSD 8 are attenuated relative to forms of crystalline silica more frequently used in animal studies, i.e., MIN-U-SIL® 5. An attempt is made to understand the basis for the extra-pulmonary toxicity and comparatively attenuated pulmonary toxicity of FSD 8.
已对取自非常规天然气钻井现场的压裂砂尘（FSD）进行了潜在毒理学效应调查，并对其化学和物理特性进行了描述。通过对大鼠进行 9 种 FSD 的气管内滴注以及对其中一种 FSD（即 FSD8）进行为期 4 天的全身吸入模型实验，以及相关的体内和体外实验，在前 8 篇系列论文中报告了 9 种 FSD 对呼吸系统、心血管系统和免疫系统、大脑和肾脏的影响。本文总结了在各个研究中报告的器官系统中的关键观察结果。出乎意料的是，吸入的 FSD8 会引起肺外器官系统的反应，而且与在动物研究中更常使用的晶体二氧化硅形式（即 MIN-U-SIL®5）相比，吸入的 FSD8 的肺部效应减弱。本文试图了解 FSD8 产生肺外毒性和相对减弱的肺部毒性的基础。
