Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Nutrients. 2020 Nov 5;12(11):3399. doi: 10.3390/nu12113399.
The impact of early life protein source (whey vs. casein) on short- and long-term glucose homeostasis and adiposity is unknown and was investigated in this study. At the end of the suckling period, non-IUGR (intrauterine growth restriction) and IUGR pups were separated from dams and were randomized into four groups. From age 21-49 days, non-IUGR and IUGR pups were fed ad-libitum chow or a semi-synthetic diet (20% from protein; casein or whey) and from age 50-199 days, all groups were fed ad-libitum chow. Food intake, body composition, glucose, and insulin homeostasis were assessed. Among the chow groups, IUGR had slower growth and higher fasting glucose at age 42 days, as well as higher fasting and AUC glucose at age 192 days relative to non-IUGR. The whey IUGR group had a slower growth rate and higher fasting glycemia in early life (age 21-49 days) and higher HOMA-IR later in life (age 120-122 and 190-192 days) relative to casein IUGR. This study shows the potential advantage of casein relative to whey during weaning on short term energy intake, growth, and glucose homeostasis in an IUGR model and reveals, for the first time, its long term impact on insulin sensitivity, which may have implications for later metabolic health, particularly in small-for-gestational-age populations at risk of type 2 diabetes.
在这项研究中，研究了生命早期蛋白质来源（乳清与酪蛋白）对短期和长期葡萄糖稳态和肥胖的影响。在哺乳期结束时，将非 IUGR（宫内生长受限）和 IUGR 幼仔与母鼠分开，并随机分为四组。从 21-49 天大开始，非 IUGR 和 IUGR 幼仔自由进食标准饲料或半合成饲料（20%来自蛋白质；酪蛋白或乳清），从 50-199 天大开始，所有组都自由进食标准饲料。评估了食物摄入量、身体成分、葡萄糖和胰岛素稳态。在标准饲料组中，IUGR 在 42 天大时生长速度较慢，空腹血糖较高，在 192 天大时空腹和 AUC 血糖也较高。与酪蛋白 IUGR 相比，乳清 IUGR 组在生命早期（21-49 天大）的生长速度较慢，空腹血糖较高，在生命晚期（120-122 天和 190-192 天）的 HOMA-IR 较高。这项研究表明，在 IUGR 模型中，与乳清相比，酪蛋白在断奶期具有短期能量摄入、生长和葡萄糖稳态方面的潜在优势，并首次揭示了其对胰岛素敏感性的长期影响，这可能对后期代谢健康产生影响，特别是在有 2 型糖尿病风险的小于胎龄儿人群中。
