欧洲鲈（Perca fluviatilis L.）中的库珀曼叶形吸虫（Phyllodistomum kupermani n. sp.）及大鳍叶形吸虫（Phyllodistomum macrocotyle (Lühe, 1909)）的重描述，兼论欧洲叶形吸虫属（Trematoda: Gorgoderidae）物种多样性和宿主特异性。

Phyllodistomum kupermani n. sp. from the European perch, Perca fluviatilis L. (Perciformes: Percidae), and redescription of Phyllodistomum macrocotyle (Lühe, 1909) with notes on the species diversity and host specificity in the European Phyllodistomum spp. (Trematoda: Gorgoderidae).

机构信息

Institute of Ecology of Nature Research Centre, Akademijos str. 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania.

Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Russia.

出版信息

Parasit Vectors. 2020 Nov 10;13(1):561. doi: 10.1186/s13071-020-04434-2.

DOI:10.1186/s13071-020-04434-2

PMID:33168101

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7654068/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

European species of the large genus Phyllodistomum Braun, 1899 had historically been erected based solely on morphological characters. Unfortunately, many of them are still poorly known and inadequately described. Molecular approaches are critical to delineate species which were impossible to differentiate based on morphology alone.

METHODS

New samples of adult Phyllodistomum spp. were collected from the urinary bladder and/or ureters of European freshwater fishes and fixed to conduct a light and scanning electron microscopy study, and to obtain sequences of nuclear (ITS2 spacer and 28S rRNA gene), to be analysed in the context of a molecular phylogeny.

RESULTS

Based on new findings, a new species of Phyllodistomum from the urinary bladder of the European perch, Perca fluviatilis, in Volga River basin, Russia, is described. Additionally, new data on the morphology and tegumental surface topography of P. macrocotyle (Lühe, 1909) Odhner, 1911 from ureters of the common rudd, Scardinius erythrophthalmus, is presented. The host range of P. folium, confirmed by DNA analysis, is extended to other cyprinid fish species.

CONCLUSIONS

The present study has again shown that species of the genus Phyllodistomum are in dire need of revision based on both molecular analysis and detailed morphological redescriptions of the forms attributed to the genus. Morphologically, P. kupermani n. sp. most closely resembles P. pseudofolium, a highly host-specific parasite of Gymnocephalus cernuus (L.), but molecular phylogenetic analyses based on ITS2 and 28S rDNA sequences showed that these species are distantly related. Phyllodistomum kupermani n. sp. was found to be phylogenetically most closely related to the type-species of Phyllodistomum, P. folium. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that Phyllodistomum kupermani n. sp. and P. folium formed a clade with other freshwater species for which cystocercous cercariae develop in bivalves of the family Sphaeriidae. The micromorphology and tegumental surface topography of P. macrocotyle revealed in the present study provide a valuable taxonomic criterion for congeneric species differentiation.

摘要

背景

欧洲大型叶盘科（Phyllodistomum Braun，1899）的物种历史上仅基于形态特征建立。不幸的是，其中许多仍然知之甚少，描述也不充分。分子方法对于划分仅凭形态无法区分的物种至关重要。

方法

从欧洲淡水鱼类的膀胱和/或输尿管中采集新的成年叶盘科（Phyllodistomum）样本，进行光镜和扫描电镜研究，并获得核（ITS2 间隔区和 28S rRNA 基因）序列，以便在分子系统发育中进行分析。

结果

基于新发现，描述了俄罗斯伏尔加河流域欧洲鲈鱼（Perca fluviatilis）膀胱中的一种新的叶盘科（Phyllodistomum）物种。此外，还提供了常见鲤鱼（Scardinius erythrophthalmus）输尿管中 P. macrocotyle（Lühe，1909）Odhner，1911 的形态和表皮表面拓扑结构的新数据。通过 DNA 分析证实了 P. folium 的宿主范围扩展到其他鲤科鱼类。

结论

本研究再次表明，叶盘科（Phyllodistomum）的物种急需基于分子分析和对归属于该属的形态的详细重新描述进行修订。形态上，P. kupermani n. sp. 最接近高度宿主特异性寄生虫 Gymnocephalus cernuus（L.）的 P. pseudofolium，但基于 ITS2 和 28S rDNA 序列的分子系统发育分析表明这些物种亲缘关系较远。P. kupermani n. sp. 与 Phyllodistomum folium 等淡水物种在系统发育上最为密切相关，后者是 Phyllodistomum 的模式种。系统发育分析表明，P. kupermani n. sp. 和 P. folium 与其他在双壳纲（Sphaeriidae）贝类中发育囊尾蚴的淡水物种形成一个分支。本研究揭示的 P. macrocotyle 的微观形态和表皮表面拓扑结构为同种物种的分化提供了有价值的分类标准。