University of Miami Leonard and Jayne Abess Center for Ecosystem Science and Policy, Coral Gables, FL, USA; University of Miami Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Coral Gables, FL, USA; NSF NIEHS Oceans and Human Health Center, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
NSF NIEHS Oceans and Human Health Center, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) Environmental Microbiology, Miami, FL, USA; University of Miami Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), Miami, FL, USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Apr 1;763:143024. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143024. Epub 2020 Oct 19.
The effects of wastewater infrastructure construction on regional and local environments is unknown. This project evaluated the effects of such projects in Monroe County, Florida, an area that had undergone regional wastewater infrastructure improvements. We used fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) (fecal coliform and enterococci), as a proxy indicator of beach water quality for an 18-year period of record. At the highest level of aggregation, FIBs for all 17 beaches within the county were combined to evaluate trends on a yearly basis. At the lower level, yearly FIB trends were evaluated for each beach separately. FIB data on infrastructure project period (categorical variables: before, during, and after construction), and the influences of environmental conditions (quantitative variables of rainfall and temperature) were also evaluated. In the multiple regression models, enterococci and fecal coliform were significantly associated with rainfall (24 h, p < 0.0001) and water temperature (p < 0.0001) when only the quantitative variables were considered. When both categorical and quantitative variables were considered, project period was significant for enterococci (p < 0.0001) and fecal coliform (p < 0.0001), as was 24 h lagged rainfall. Overall, the most significant factors for both fecal coliform and enterococci were rainfall and project period. Considering all beaches, infrastructure projects seem to have the collective desired effects in the years following construction, as there were decreased FIBs measured at beach sites. Only through the aggregation of all projects and measurements at all beach sites could the decreases in FIB levels be observed. Local analysis is needed to explain anomalies from these general trends for specific beaches. This understanding of FIBs, their responses to environmental and project factors, and the need for aggregated and local site analysis can provide guidance to managers at other locations with similar issues of failing wastewater infrastructure and frequent FIB exceedances.
废水基础设施建设对区域和局部环境的影响尚不清楚。本项目评估了佛罗里达州门罗县此类项目的影响，该县区域废水基础设施得到了改善。我们使用粪便指示菌（FIB）（粪便大肠菌群和肠球菌）作为 18 年记录的海滩水质替代指标。在最高聚合水平上，将全县 17 个海滩的 FIB 合并在一起，以每年为单位评估趋势。在较低的水平上，分别评估了每个海滩的年度 FIB 趋势。还评估了基础设施项目期间的 FIB 数据（分类变量：建设前、建设中和建设后）以及环境条件（降雨和温度的定量变量）的影响。在多元回归模型中，当仅考虑定量变量时，肠球菌和粪便大肠菌群与降雨（24 小时，p<0.0001）和水温（p<0.0001）显著相关。当同时考虑分类和定量变量时，项目期间对肠球菌（p<0.0001）和粪便大肠菌群（p<0.0001）均有显著影响，24 小时滞后降雨也是如此。总体而言，对于粪便大肠菌群和肠球菌，最显著的因素是降雨和项目期间。考虑到所有海滩，基础设施项目在建设后几年似乎产生了预期的集体效果，因为海滩监测点的 FIB 有所减少。只有通过汇总所有项目和所有海滩监测点的测量值，才能观察到 FIB 水平的降低。需要对特定海滩的这些总体趋势的异常情况进行本地分析。这种对 FIB 的理解，它们对环境和项目因素的反应，以及对汇总和本地站点分析的需求，可以为其他具有类似废水基础设施故障和频繁 FIB 超标问题的地点的管理人员提供指导。
