Identification and characterization of a tobacco metal tolerance protein, .

Metal tolerance proteins (MTPs) from the CDF (Cation Diffusion Facilitator) family are efflux transporters that play a crucial role in metal homeostasis by maintaining optimal metal concentrations in the cytoplasm. Here, a novel tobacco NtMTP2 transporter was cloned and characterized. It encodes a 512 aa protein containing all specific CDF family domains. A GFP-NtMTP2 fusion protein localizes to the tonoplast in tobacco cells. NtMTP2 expression in yeast conferred tolerance to Co and Ni, indicating that the protein mediates transport of both metals, but not Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe, or Cd. Nonetheless, the expression level was not affected by Co or Ni, except for an increase in leaves at high Co concentrations. Its expression in plant parts remained stable during development, but increased in the leaves of older plants. Analysis of tobacco expressing a promoter-GUS construct indicates that the main sites of promoter activity are the conductive tissue throughout the plant and the palisade parenchyma in leaves. Our results suggest that NtMTP2 is a tonoplast transporter mediating sequestration of Co and Ni into vacuoles and an important housekeeping protein that controls the basal availability of micronutrients and plays a role in the sequestration of metal excess, specifically in leaves.