Midwifery Group, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
Department of Psychiatic Nursing, Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2020 Nov 10;33(3):235-243. doi: 10.1515/ijamh-2019-0074.
Risk-taking reasons in adolescents are divided into four cognitive, emotional, socio-environmental, and family factors. Structure, composition, and size of family as well as parenting styles effect on the development of creative abilities, transmitting cultural and social values, and the amount of adolescent risk-taking. The present study aimed to evaluate the tendency toward high-risk behaviors based on ways of interacting with children in only-child families.
This research is a descriptive analytical study. The research population was only-child adolescents and one of their parents who referred to health centers in Qazvin city to receive healthcare. The sampling has been conducted in census method. The data collection tools were adolescents' risk-taking questionnaires and Baumrind Parenting style Inventory which were completed by adolescents and one parent, respectively. The questionnaires were completed in health centers of Qazvin City, and the sampling was conducted since February to September 2018. The SPSS version 24 was used to analyze the data.
One hundred and seventeen adolescents aged between 13 and 19 years together with one of their parents participated in this study. The majority of the mothers were housewives (62.9%) and fathers were either employees or self-employed (76.9%). Authoritative parenting style was the most dominant parenting style amongst parents (93%), and the majority of the samples (78%) had the least amount of risk. The average risk-taking score of adolescents was 23.3 ± 61.29 and the highest risk-taking behavior was dangerous driving (12.83). Risk-taking amount was negatively correlated with authoritative parenting style ( = -0.20, p = 0.28), while having direct and meaningful correlation with the permissive style ( = 0.20, p = 0.02).
The authoritative parenting style in only-child families has been a dominant trend that justifies the intimate parent-children relationships and decreases the risk-taking amount of adolescents. Therefore, parents are suggested to focus on increasing their relationship with their adolescents, rather than reducing their family size.
青少年的冒险原因可分为认知、情感、社会环境和家庭因素四个方面。家庭结构、组成和规模以及教养方式会影响创造性能力的发展、文化和社会价值观的传递以及青少年冒险的程度。本研究旨在根据与独生子女家庭中儿童互动的方式评估高风险行为的倾向。
本研究是一项描述性分析研究。研究对象为独生子女青少年及其父母中的一位，他们到卡齐万市的医疗中心接受医疗保健。采用整群抽样方法进行抽样。数据收集工具是青少年风险行为问卷和 Baumrind 教养方式问卷，分别由青少年及其父母中的一位填写。问卷在卡齐万市的医疗中心完成，抽样时间为 2018 年 2 月至 9 月。采用 SPSS 24 版本分析数据。
共有 117 名 13 至 19 岁的青少年及其父母中的一位参加了本研究。母亲大多数是家庭主妇（62.9%），父亲大多是雇员或个体经营者（76.9%）。权威型教养方式是父母中最主要的教养方式（93%），大多数样本（78%）的风险最小。青少年的平均风险行为得分是 23.3±61.29，最高的风险行为是危险驾驶（12.83）。风险行为量与权威型教养方式呈负相关（r=-0.20，p=0.28），与放任型教养方式呈直接且有意义的正相关（r=0.20，p=0.02）。
独生子女家庭中的权威型教养方式是一种主导趋势，它证明了亲子关系的亲密性，可以降低青少年的风险行为量。因此，建议父母关注增加与青少年的关系，而不是减少家庭规模。
