Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260, Isparta, Turkey.
Surg Radiol Anat. 2021 May;43(5):755-762. doi: 10.1007/s00276-020-02611-7. Epub 2020 Nov 10.
The extensor pollicis longus (EPL) and brevis (EPB) and abductor pollicis longus (APL) are muscles located in the posterior compartment of the forearm. These muscles allow the thumb to move independently from the other four fingers by attaching to the thumb separately. This study's goal was to investigate the tendon variations and insertions of these muscles.
Our study was conducted on 43 fetal cadavers (86 upper extremities) aged between 17 and 40 weeks of gestation. This study investigated the tendon numbers and insertions of the EPL, EPB, and APL.
The tendon numbers of the EPL and EPB were observed to range between 1 and 2, and the tendon numbers of the APL ranged between 1 and 5. The EPL was found to insert into the distal phalanx via the dorsal aponeurosis in all extremities. It was observed that the EPB tendons inserted into the proximal phalanx, distal phalanx, and dorsal aponeurosis. It was determined that the APL tendons inserted into the basis of the first metacarpal, abductor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis, and trapezium bone.
Knowing the tendon variations and insertions of the EPL, EPB, and APL muscles during the fetal period will be useful in planning treatments to correct the congenital thumb anomalies and the loss of function after injury.
伸拇指长肌（EPL）和短肌（EPB）以及拇长展肌（APL）是位于前臂后区的肌肉。这些肌肉通过分别附着在拇指上来使拇指能够独立于其他四个手指运动。本研究的目的是研究这些肌肉的肌腱变异和附着点。
我们的研究对象是 43 具胎儿尸体（86 只上肢），胎龄为 17 周至 40 周。本研究调查了 EPL、EPB 和 APL 的肌腱数量和附着点。
EPL 和 EPB 的肌腱数量观察到在 1 到 2 之间，APL 的肌腱数量在 1 到 5 之间。EPL 在所有上肢中都通过背侧腱膜插入远节指骨。观察到 EPB 肌腱插入近节指骨、远节指骨和背侧腱膜。确定 APL 肌腱插入第一掌骨基部、拇短展肌、拇指对掌肌和舟骨。
了解胎儿期 EPL、EPB 和 APL 肌肉的肌腱变异和附着点，对于计划治疗先天性拇指畸形和损伤后功能丧失将非常有用。
