Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Biostatistics Department, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2021 Sep;199(9):3470-3477. doi: 10.1007/s12011-020-02446-8. Epub 2020 Nov 10.
Iran is the largest fishery producer in the region reaching nearly 1 million tons. Fish provide a good many nutrients that are beneficial for our health. Due to significant deposits of xenobiotics in the water environments, however, fish may also be a source of non-essential metals, causing a variety of disorders. The main challenges to Iranian fisheries are environmental pollution and quality control, so this study aims to estimate the concentration of cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) in canned tuna fish produced and consumed in Iran. We studied four popular brands (N = 4 × 20) with ICP-MS and then looked at the concentrations and calculated the risk assessment parameters. We found that the lowest concentration was observed for Cd (18 μg/kg) and the highest for Ni (132 μg/kg). Among the brands studied, Pb concentrations differed most (42.0 to 113.3 μg/kg) and Hg levels were more consistent (24.0 and 39.4 μg/kg). The concentrations of Cd, Hg, and Pb in all the brands tested were below EU permissible thresholds. The intake estimation risk assessment parameters (EDI, contribution to PTWI, and CR) and non-cancer risk assessment parameters based on reference doses (THQ and HI) demonstrated the safety of tested products in respect to all metal concentrations studied, while the parameters regarding the toxic effects (MoE, and ILCR) showed that the consumption might cause health risks in terms of Cd (ILCR), Ni (ILCR), and Pb (MoE). The consumption of the canned fish studied should therefore be maintained at a reasonable level (2-5 meals containing fish weekly), so that it may provide necessary nutrients, while avoiding the health risk due to metal content.
伊朗是该地区最大的渔业生产国，产量接近 100 万吨。鱼类提供了许多对我们健康有益的营养物质。然而，由于水环境中存在大量的外源性物质，鱼类也可能成为非必需金属的来源，导致各种疾病。伊朗渔业面临的主要挑战是环境污染和质量控制，因此本研究旨在评估伊朗生产和消费的罐装金枪鱼中镉（Cd）、汞（Hg）、镍（Ni）和铅（Pb）的浓度。我们使用 ICP-MS 研究了四个流行品牌（N=4×20），然后观察了浓度并计算了风险评估参数。结果发现，Cd 的浓度最低（18μg/kg），Ni 的浓度最高（132μg/kg）。在所研究的品牌中，Pb 浓度差异最大（42.0 至 113.3μg/kg），Hg 水平较为一致（24.0 和 39.4μg/kg）。所有测试品牌的 Cd、Hg 和 Pb 浓度均低于欧盟允许的阈值。基于参考剂量的摄入评估风险评估参数（EDI、对 PTWI 的贡献和 CR）和非癌症风险评估参数（THQ 和 HI）表明，在所研究的所有金属浓度方面，测试产品是安全的，而关于毒性效应的参数（MoE 和 ILCR）表明，由于 Cd（ILCR）、Ni（ILCR）和 Pb（MoE）的摄入，消费可能会带来健康风险。因此，应保持对所研究的罐装鱼类的合理消费（每周 2-5 餐含鱼），以获取必要的营养物质，同时避免因金属含量而带来的健康风险。
