Department of Mechanical and Control Engineering, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Korea.
Department of Information and Computer Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Gunma College, Maebashi 371-8530, Japan.
Sensors (Basel). 2020 Nov 8;20(21):6368. doi: 10.3390/s20216368.
The human-in-the-loop technology requires studies on sensory-motor characteristics of each hand for an effective human-robot collaboration. This study aims to investigate the differences in visuomotor control between the dominant (DH) and non-dominant hands in tracking a target in the three-dimensional space. We compared the circular tracking performances of the hands on the frontal plane of the virtual reality space in terms of radial position error (Δ), phase error (Δ), acceleration error (Δ), and dimensionless squared jerk () at four different speeds for 30 subjects. Δ and Δ significantly differed at relatively high speeds (Δ: 0.5 Hz; Δ: .5, 0.75 Hz), with maximum values of ≤1% compared to the target trajectory radius. significantly differed only at low speeds (0.125, 0.25 Hz), whereas Δ significantly differed at all speeds. In summary, the feedback-control mechanism of the DH has a wider range of speed control capability and is efficient according to an energy saving model. The central nervous system (CNS) uses different models for the two hands, which react dissimilarly. Despite the precise control of the DH, both hands exhibited dependences on limb kinematic properties at high speeds (0.75 Hz). Thus, the CNS uses a different strategy according to the model for optimal results.
人在环技术需要研究每只手的感觉运动特征，以实现有效的人机协作。本研究旨在探讨在三维空间中跟踪目标时，优势手（DH）和非优势手之间在视动控制方面的差异。我们比较了 30 名受试者在虚拟现实空间的前平面上以四个不同速度进行圆形跟踪时手的圆周跟踪性能，以径向位置误差（Δ）、相位误差（Δ）、加速度误差（Δ）和无量纲平方急动度（）为指标。在相对较高的速度（Δ：0.5 Hz；Δ：0.5、0.75 Hz）下，Δ和Δ差异显著，与目标轨迹半径相比，最大值≤1%。仅在较低的速度（0.125、0.25 Hz）下，显著不同，而Δ在所有速度下均有显著差异。综上所述，DH 的反馈控制机制具有更宽的速度控制能力，并且根据节能模型是有效的。中枢神经系统（CNS）对双手使用不同的模型，反应不同。尽管 DH 可以进行精确控制，但在高速（0.75 Hz）时，双手都表现出对肢体运动学特性的依赖性。因此，CNS 根据模型使用不同的策略以获得最佳结果。
