Kendal Evie
Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia.
Monash Bioeth Rev. 2020 Dec;38(2):197-204. doi: 10.1007/s40592-020-00122-0. Epub 2020 Nov 11.
The potential benefits of an alternative to physical gestation are numerous. These include providing reproductive options for prospective parents who are unable to establish or maintain a physiological pregnancy, and saving the lives of some infants born prematurely. Ectogenesis could also promote sexual equality in reproduction, and represents a necessary option for women experiencing an unwanted pregnancy who are morally opposed to abortion. Despite these broad, and in some cases unique benefits, one major ethical concern is the potential impact of this emerging technology on abortion rights. This article will argue that ectogenesis poses a challenge to many common arguments in favour of a pregnant woman's right to choose, but only insomuch as it highlights that their underlying justifications for abortion are based on flawed conceptions of what the foetus and pregnancy actually are. By interrogating the various interests and relationships involved in a pregnancy, this article will demonstrate that the emergence of artificial gestation need not impact existing abortion rights or legislation, nor definitions of independent viability or moral status.
体外妊娠替代方案的潜在益处众多。这些益处包括为无法建立或维持生理妊娠的准父母提供生育选择，以及挽救一些早产婴儿的生命。体外妊娠还可以促进生殖方面的性别平等，对于那些意外怀孕且在道德上反对堕胎的女性来说，这是一种必要的选择。尽管有这些广泛的、在某些情况下独特的益处，但一个主要的伦理问题是这项新兴技术对堕胎权利的潜在影响。本文将论证，体外妊娠对许多支持孕妇选择权的常见论点构成了挑战，但只是在它凸显出这些支持堕胎的论点的根本理由基于对胎儿和妊娠实际情况的错误认知这一程度上。通过审视妊娠中涉及的各种利益和关系，本文将表明人工妊娠的出现不一定会影响现有的堕胎权利或立法，也不会影响独立生存能力或道德地位的定义。
