Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport Training Laboratory, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.
Faculty of Languages and Education, Nebrija University, Madrid, Spain.
Sports Biomech. 2024 Jan;23(1):1-14. doi: 10.1080/14763141.2020.1814401. Epub 2020 Nov 11.
This research aims to provide a better understanding of the swimming push-off specificity comparing force production and electromyographic (EMG) activity on squat-jumps (SJ) and countermovement-jumps (CMJ) performed underwater (similar to swimming turns push-off) and dryland conditions on two different level of expertise participants (swimmers and non-swimmers). Thirteen male swimmers and nine non-trained male sport sciences students participated in this study. Each subject carried out 10 CMJ and 10 SJ jumps in dryland (vertical) and underwater (horizontal). During these trials, force production was recorded by force platforms and muscular activity of Vastus Lateralis, Biceps Femoris, Gastrocnemius Medialis and Tibialis Anterior was analysed through EMG. A three-way ANOVA showed that swimmers increased the differences in values obtained from SJ to CMJ between dry and underwater conditions during the first impulse phase-Impulse 1 (p < 0.01), the second phase of impulse-Impulse 2 (p < 0.001) and duration from peak force to take off (p < 0.001) in contrast to non-swimmers. Patterns relating to force production and EMG were non-consistent between muscles. Jumping performance was not significantly correlated between dry land and underwater conditions; nevertheless, results emphasise that environmental constraints are decisive to define the neuro-motor response to apparently similar tasks performed in different contexts.
本研究旨在通过比较在水下（类似于游泳转身蹬离）和旱地条件下进行的深蹲跳（SJ）和反向跳（CMJ）时的力量产生和肌电图（EMG）活动，来更好地了解游泳蹬离的特殊性。这项研究共有 13 名男性游泳运动员和 9 名非游泳男性运动科学学生参加。每个受试者在旱地（垂直）和水下（水平）环境下完成 10 次 CMJ 和 10 次 SJ 跳跃。在这些试验中，通过力量平台记录力量产生，通过肌电图分析 Vastus Lateralis、Biceps Femoris、Gastrocnemius Medialis 和 Tibialis Anterior 的肌肉活动。三因素方差分析显示，与非游泳运动员相比，游泳运动员在第一脉冲阶段-脉冲 1（p<0.01）、第二脉冲阶段-脉冲 2（p<0.001）和从峰值力到起飞的持续时间（p<0.001）期间，增加了 SJ 到 CMJ 在干、水两种条件下的差异。肌肉之间的力量产生和肌电图模式不一致。旱地和水下条件下的跳跃性能没有显著相关性；然而，结果强调，环境限制对于定义在不同环境下执行的类似任务的神经运动反应是决定性的。
