Harry John R, Paquette Max R, Caia Johnpaul, Townsend Robert J, Weiss Lawrence W, Schilling Brian K
1Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada; and 2Department of Health and Sport Sciences, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee.
J Strength Cond Res. 2015 Jun;29(6):1657-65. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000813.
The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of footwear on kinetics and lower extremity electromyographic (EMG) activity during the vertical jump (VJ) and standing long jump. Fifteen men performed the 2 jump types in 3 footwear conditions: barefoot, minimal shoes, and cross-training shoes. Jump displacement and kinetic data were collected, along with EMG activity of the biceps femoris, medial gastrocnemius, peroneus longus, semitendinosus/semimembranosus, soleus (SOL), tibialis anterior, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis. Subjective footwear performance and comfort were also assessed with a custom survey. No differences were found in jump displacement, peak ground reaction forces (GRF), countermovement and propulsive phase durations, vertical impulse, peak countermovement, or average propulsive EMG activity. Significant differences in peak propulsive root mean square EMG were found between barefoot and minimal shoes (p = 0.030) and minimal shoes and shod (p = 0.031) conditions for the SOL during the VJ, and for average countermovement EMG of the semitendinosus/semimembranosus during the VJ between barefoot and shod (p = 0.039). Moderate-to-large effect sizes (>0.59) were found between conditions for horizontal GRF, propulsive phase duration, average EMG amplitude, and duration of EMG activity during the countermovement. Participants reported higher comfort ratings when shod compared with barefoot and minimal shoes for both jumps. Participants also perceived better performance when shod compared with barefoot and minimal shoes for the VJ only. No acute differences in displacement were observed between barefoot, minimal shoes, and cross-trainer shoes during vertical and horizontal jumps. Some differences in muscle activation and timing seem to be present, and thus, training effects between footwear conditions should be examined. Footwear familiarization may prove beneficial, as acute increases in comfort seem unrelated to performance improvements.
本研究的目的是考察在垂直跳（VJ）和立定跳远过程中，鞋类对动力学及下肢肌电图（EMG）活动的影响。15名男性在三种鞋类条件下进行这两种跳跃动作：赤脚、极简鞋和交叉训练鞋。收集了跳跃位移和动力学数据，以及股二头肌、腓肠肌内侧头、腓骨长肌、半腱肌/半膜肌、比目鱼肌（SOL）、胫骨前肌、股外侧肌和股内侧肌的EMG活动数据。还通过定制调查问卷评估了鞋类的主观性能和舒适度。在跳跃位移、峰值地面反作用力（GRF）、反向运动和推进阶段持续时间、垂直冲量、峰值反向运动或平均推进EMG活动方面未发现差异。在VJ过程中，赤脚与极简鞋条件下以及极简鞋与穿鞋条件下，SOL的峰值推进均方根EMG存在显著差异（p = 0.030）；在VJ过程中，赤脚与穿鞋条件下，半腱肌/半膜肌的平均反向运动EMG也存在显著差异（p = 0.039）。在水平GRF、推进阶段持续时间、平均EMG幅度以及反向运动期间EMG活动持续时间的不同条件之间，发现了中等到较大的效应量（>0.59）。参与者报告称，在两种跳跃中，穿鞋时的舒适度评分高于赤脚和穿极简鞋时。参与者还仅在VJ中感觉穿鞋时的表现优于赤脚和穿极简鞋时。在垂直和水平跳跃过程中，赤脚、极简鞋和交叉训练鞋之间未观察到位移上的急性差异。似乎存在一些肌肉激活和时机方面的差异，因此，应研究不同鞋类条件下训练效果的差异。鞋类适应性训练可能被证明是有益的，因为舒适度的急性提高似乎与性能改善无关。
