Bazie Getaw Walle
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2020 Nov 3;13:2449-2456. doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S284049. eCollection 2020.
Percutaneous exposure to blood and body fluids through contaminated needle sticks and sharps are serious occupational hazards for morbidity and mortality from infections from blood-borne pathogens among healthcare workers. However, limited studies have been conducted to identify factors associated with needle stick and sharp injuries among healthcare workers in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed at identifying factors associated with needle stick and sharp injuries among healthcare workers.
Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among healthcare workers at health facilities in Dessie from January to March 2018. A simple random sampling technique was used to recruit 362 healthcare workers. Data were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire. The association between dependent and independent variables was checked using binary logistic regression and p-value ≤0.05 was used as a cut-off point for significance.
The entire work time and one-year prevalence of needle stick and sharp injury among healthcare workers were 60.2% and 40.1%, respectively. Working in private hospital (AOR = 9.619, 95% CI: 2.476, 27.373), working in private clinic (AOR = 3.308, 95% CI: 1.038, 8.506), less work experience (AOR = 2.762, 95% CI: 1.381, 4.521), higher workload (AOR = 3.794, 95% CI: 2.268, 6.346) and all-time availability of sharp storage and disposal containers (AOR = 0.435, 95% CI: 0.215, 0.879) were significant predictors of needle stick and sharp injuries.
Prevalence of needle stick and sharp injury was high. Working in private health institutions, less work experience, higher workload and all-time availability of sharp storage and disposal containers were significant predictors of needle stick and sharp injuries. Therefore, efforts have to be made to reduce the workload of healthcare workers and to available sharp storage and disposal containers all the time in the workplaces.
医护人员因被污染的针头刺伤和锐器切割而经皮接触血液和体液，是其因血源性病原体感染而发病和死亡的严重职业危害。然而，在研究区域内，针对医护人员针刺伤和锐器伤相关因素的研究较少。因此，本研究旨在确定医护人员针刺伤和锐器伤的相关因素。
2018年1月至3月，在德西的医疗机构对医护人员进行了基于机构的横断面研究。采用简单随机抽样技术招募了362名医护人员。使用结构化的自填问卷收集数据。使用二元逻辑回归检验因变量和自变量之间的关联，并将p值≤0.05作为显著性的截断点。
医护人员的整个工作时间内针刺伤和锐器伤的发生率以及一年患病率分别为60.2%和40.1%。在私立医院工作（比值比=9.619，95%置信区间：2.476，27.373）、在私立诊所工作（比值比=3.308，95%置信区间：1.038，8.506）、工作经验较少（比值比=2.762，95%置信区间：1.381，4.521）、工作量较大（比值比=3.794，95%置信区间：2.268，6.346）以及随时都有锐器储存和处理容器（比值比=0.435，95%置信区间：0.215，0.879）是针刺伤和锐器伤的显著预测因素。
针刺伤和锐器伤的患病率较高。在私立医疗机构工作、工作经验较少、工作量较大以及随时都有锐器储存和处理容器是针刺伤和锐器伤的显著预测因素。因此，必须努力减轻医护人员的工作量，并在工作场所随时提供锐器储存和处理容器。
