Department of Emergency Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.
Section of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX.
Pediatr Emerg Care. 2020 Dec;36(12):593-601. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000002285.
Painful diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are common in the emergency department. Adequately treating pain, including the pain of procedures is an essential component of the practice of emergency medicine. Pain management is also part of the core competency for emergency medicine residencies and pediatric emergency medicine fellowships. There are many benefits to providing local and/or topical anesthesia before performing a medical procedure, including better patient and family satisfaction and increased procedural success rates. Local and topical anesthetics when used appropriately, generally, have few, if any, systemic side effects, such as hypotension or respiratory depression, which is an advantage over procedural sedation. Use of local and topical anesthetics can do much toward alleviating the pain and anxiety of pediatric patients undergoing procedures in the emergency department.
在急诊科，有很多诊断和治疗操作会引起疼痛。充分缓解疼痛（包括操作相关疼痛）是急诊医学实践的重要组成部分。疼痛管理也是急诊医学住院医师培训和儿科急诊医学奖学金的核心能力之一。在进行医疗操作之前，提供局部和/或局部麻醉有很多好处，包括提高患者和家属的满意度以及增加操作成功率。局部和局部麻醉剂如果使用得当，通常很少（如果有的话）有全身性副作用，如低血压或呼吸抑制，这是优于程序镇静的优势。使用局部和局部麻醉剂可以大大减轻在急诊科接受操作的儿科患者的疼痛和焦虑。
