Gadzhiev N K, Obidnyak V M, Gorelov D S, Malkhasyan V A, Akopyan G N, Mazurenko D A, Kharchilava R R, Petrov S B, Martov A G
Department of Urology No2 of Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Department of Urology of A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia.
Urologiia. 2020 Nov(5):139-148.
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the gold standard treatment of large and staghorn kidney stones. Despite technological progress and improvement of PCNL technique, this procedure is associated with complications and in some cases remain a challenge for endourologists. According to the time, complications can be divided into intra- and postoperative. Intraoperative complications include bleeding, injury of the renal collecting system, visceral organs, pulmonary complications, thromboembolic disorders, extrarenal migration of the stone fragments and incorrect nephrostomy tube placement. Postoperative complications include infection and sepsis, bleeding, persistent urinary fistula, infundibular stenosis and death of the patient. The different recommendations that might be useful for the timely diagnosis of various complications in patients undergoing PCNL are provided in the review. Additionally, information on treatment algorithms is included.
经皮肾镜取石术（PCNL）是治疗大型和鹿角形肾结石的金标准。尽管PCNL技术取得了技术进步和改进，但该手术仍伴有并发症，在某些情况下，对泌尿外科医生来说仍是一项挑战。根据时间，并发症可分为术中并发症和术后并发症。术中并发症包括出血、肾集合系统损伤、内脏器官损伤、肺部并发症、血栓栓塞性疾病、结石碎片肾外迁移和肾造瘘管放置不当。术后并发症包括感染和脓毒症、出血、持续性尿瘘、肾盂漏斗部狭窄和患者死亡。本综述提供了可能有助于及时诊断接受PCNL治疗患者各种并发症的不同建议。此外，还包括治疗算法的信息。
