Does prior ultrasonography affect the safety of induced abortion at or after 13 weeks' gestation? A retrospective study.

INTRODUCTION

We aimed to assess whether ultrasonography prior to dilation and evacuation or medical abortion ≥13 weeks was correlated with safety.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients undergoing abortion ≥13 weeks at eight sites in Nepal from 2015 to 2019.

RESULTS

We included 2294 women undergoing abortion ≥13 weeks (no upper gestational age limit); 593 underwent dilation and evacuation and 1701 had a medical abortion. Demographics differed by procedure for parity (19% vs 33% nulliparous, dilation and evacuation, and medical abortion) and gestational age (90% vs 52% were 13-15 weeks, dilation and evacuation, and medical abortion). Ultrasonography was performed in 81% of cases overall. Complications were rare (<1% of dilations and evacuations, 1.4% of medical abortions). The most common adverse events with dilation and evacuation were hemorrhage and cervical laceration; three women required re-aspiration. Following medical abortion, 13.5% had retained products, 12.9% with prior ultrasound and 16.3% who had not had an ultrasound. Hemorrhage and severe side-effects occurred at similarly low rates regardless of whether ultrasonography was performed. In a logistic regression model where patient characteristics and case clustering within facilities were controlled for, we found a correlation between ultrasonography and complications when retained placenta was included in the model, but there was no correlation between ultrasonography and complications when retained placenta was excluded.

CONCLUSIONS

This study confirms low complication rates among women having an abortion ≥13 weeks' gestation in healthcare facilities. Settings without universal availability of ultrasound may still maintain low, comparable complication rates.