Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sakarya University, 54187 Esentepe, Sakarya, Turkey.
Department of Information Systems, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
Waste Manag. 2021 Jan 1;119:356-364. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.10.030. Epub 2020 Nov 10.
Sustainable development goals imply environmentally sound management of all wastes to minimize the waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling, and reuse. In particular, the poultry industry produces nutrient-rich waste that requires proper management.Additionally, the recycling of bio-wastes in agricultural lands is still a key technology for the sustainable use of nutrients as a renewable fertilizer. Currently, there are very few studies on the utilization of agro-industrial bio-wastes, such as poultry abattoir sludge (PAS), for crop cultivation in soils containing low organic matter and high pH. In this context, it is necessary to make a more particular assessment of poultry industry-oriented and locally available nutrient-rich organic wastes for nodulation, physiological adaptation, and crop yield. Considering the scarcity of the literature in this field, the present study aimed to fulfill the apparent gap by focusing on the applicability of recycled PAS to low fertility soil in the growth of chickpea selected as a model legume, thereby contributing to the development of an agricultural and sustainable industrial management strategy for the relevant sectors. In this study, leaf chlorophyll content and nodule color were also investigated by the image analysis methodology to describe the effects of bio-waste on closing chickpea yield gap in a marginal land with high soil pH and low organic matter. Two-year consecutive field experiments were carried out to explore the effect of the PAS with the application rates of 25 kg N ha (T), 50 kg N ha (T), and 100 kg N ha (T) along with unamended (T) and fertilized control (T). The results indicated that the PAS treatments significantly differed in chlorophyll content, nodulation parameters, and biomass and grain yields. The chlorophyll content was correlated (r = 0.910) with the red color value (RGB color model) of nodule image analysis in the response to bio-waste. Based on the two-year average, it was concluded that chickpea yield could be increased 45% by amending with the PAS (T). The present study clearly demonstrated that the image analysis could be a useful digital tool for the evaluation of chlorophyll content, nitrogen fixation efficiency, and forecasting biomass and grain yields of chickpea. The results also confirmed that the PAS application to low fertility soil could prominently contribute to establish sustainable waste management and crop production alternatives for closing chickpea yield gap.
可持续发展目标意味着对所有废物进行环境无害管理，以通过预防、减少、回收和再利用来尽量减少废物的产生。特别是，家禽业生产富含营养的废物，需要妥善管理。此外，在农业土地中回收生物废物仍然是可持续利用养分作为可再生肥料的关键技术。目前，关于利用农业生物废物，如家禽屠宰场污泥 (PAS)，在有机质和 pH 值较高的土壤中进行作物种植的研究很少。在这种情况下，有必要更具体地评估以家禽业为导向和本地可用的富含营养的有机废物，以促进结瘤、生理适应和作物产量。考虑到该领域文献的稀缺性，本研究旨在通过关注回收 PAS 对低肥力土壤中选定作为模式豆科植物的鹰嘴豆生长的适用性来填补这一明显空白，从而为相关部门制定农业和可持续工业管理战略做出贡献。在这项研究中，还通过图像分析方法研究了叶片叶绿素含量和根瘤颜色，以描述生物废物对在 pH 值高和有机质低的边缘土地上闭合鹰嘴豆产量差距的影响。进行了两年的连续田间试验，以探索 PAS 的应用率为 25kgNha(T)、50kgNha(T)和 100kgNha(T)以及未施肥对照 (T)和施肥对照 (T)对鹰嘴豆的影响。结果表明，PAS 处理在叶绿素含量、结瘤参数、生物量和籽粒产量方面存在显著差异。叶绿素含量与根瘤图像分析的红色颜色值 (RGB 颜色模型)呈正相关 (r=0.910)，表明对生物废物的响应。基于两年的平均值，可以得出结论，通过施用 PAS (T)，可以将鹰嘴豆的产量提高 45%。本研究清楚地表明，图像分析可以成为评估叶绿素含量、固氮效率以及预测鹰嘴豆生物量和籽粒产量的有用数字工具。研究结果还证实，将 PAS 施用于低肥力土壤可以显著有助于建立可持续的废物管理和作物生产替代方案，以缩小鹰嘴豆的产量差距。
