University of the Sunshine Coast.
Durham University.
Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2021 Jan 1;31(1):55-65. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.2020-0061. Epub 2020 Nov 12.
Athletic populations require high-precision body composition assessments to identify true change. Least significant change determines technical error via same-day consecutive tests but does not integrate biological variation, which is more relevant for longitudinal monitoring. The aim of this study was to assess biological variation using least significant change measures from body composition methods used on athletes, including surface anthropometry (SA), air displacement plethysmography (BOD POD), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS). Thirty-two athletic males (age = 31 ± 7 years; stature = 183 ± 7 cm; mass = 92 ± 10 kg) underwent three testing sessions over 2 days using four methods. Least significant change values were calculated from differences in Day 1 Test 1 versus Day 1 Test 2 (same-day precision), as well as Day 1 Test 1 versus Day 2 (consecutive-day precision). There was high agreement between same-day and consecutive-day fat mass and fat-free mass measurements for all methods. Consecutive-day precision error in comparison with the same-day precision error was 50% higher for fat mass estimates from BIS (3,607 vs. 2,331 g), 25% higher from BOD POD (1,943 vs. 1,448 g) and DXA (1,615 vs. 1,204 g), but negligible from SA (442 vs. 586 g). Consecutive-day precision error for fat-free mass was 50% higher from BIS (3,966 vs. 2,276 g) and SA (1,159 vs. 568 g) and 25% higher from BOD POD (1,894 vs. 1,450 g) and DXA (1,967 vs. 1,461 g) than the same-day precision error. Precision error in consecutive-day analysis considers both technical error and biological variation, enhancing the identification of small, yet significant changes in body composition of resistance-trained male athletes. Given that change in physique is likely to be small in this population, the use of DXA, BOD POD, or SA is recommended.
运动员群体需要高精度的身体成分评估来确定真正的变化。最小可察觉变化通过同日连续测试来确定技术误差，但没有整合生物学变异，而生物学变异对于纵向监测更为相关。本研究的目的是使用运动员身体成分方法（包括表面人体测量学（SA）、空气置换体描记法（BOD POD）、双能 X 射线吸收法（DXA）和生物电阻抗谱法（BIS））评估最小可察觉变化的生物学变异。32 名男性运动员（年龄=31±7 岁；身高=183±7cm；体重=92±10kg）在 2 天内进行了 3 次测试，使用了 4 种方法。最小可察觉变化值是从第 1 天第 1 次测试与第 1 天第 2 次测试（同日精度）以及第 1 天第 1 次测试与第 2 天（连续日精度）的差异中计算出来的。所有方法的同日和连续日体脂肪和去脂体重测量之间都有高度一致性。与同日精度误差相比，BIS（3607 比 2331g）、BOD POD（1943 比 1448g）和 DXA（1615 比 1204g）的体脂肪估计值的连续日精度误差高 50%，SA（442 比 586g）的连续日精度误差高 25%。BIS（3966 比 2276g）和 SA（1159 比 568g）的去脂体重连续日精度误差高 50%，BOD POD（1894 比 1450g）和 DXA（1967 比 1461g）的连续日精度误差高 25%。连续日分析中的精度误差考虑了技术误差和生物学变异，增强了对阻力训练男性运动员身体成分小而显著变化的识别。鉴于该人群的体型变化可能很小，建议使用 DXA、BOD POD 或 SA。
