“众人拾柴火焰高”：男子板球运动员发展过程中的支持来源与类型。
"It takes a village": the sources and types of support in development of male cricket players.
机构信息
Exercise and Sports Science, Faculty of Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; People Development & Wellbeing, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australia.
Sport Development Group, New South Wales Office of Sport, Sydney, Australia.
出版信息
J Sci Med Sport. 2021 Feb;24(2):164-170. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.07.010. Epub 2020 Aug 1.
OBJECTIVES
To explore the different types of support (e.g., financial, informational) and support providers (e.g., fathers, siblings) in the development of male cricket players across different levels of skill expertise.
METHODS
A quantitative questionnaire (developed as a part of a broader Australian Research Council Linkage project) assessing support providers and types of support accessed by players was distributed to participants through involvement with a national sporting organisation. Descriptive trends across support types for each provider were explored for the total cohort of athletes, n=1383 (as relative percentages), and community and elite differences were explored using chi-squared analyses (p<0.05).
RESULTS
Mothers and fathers were primary providers of financial and emotional support (>80%), mentors offered meaningful sport-specific informational and technical (or coaching related) support, and siblings and peers played an integral development role in acting as fellow participants for practice and play. Access to coaching emerged as a dominant point of difference between community and elite players consistently across all support providers (p<0.05). Mentors and siblings also featured more frequently for elite players across broader ranges of support factors (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION
Regardless of level of skill expertise, there were unique context-specific roles that different providers played in supporting cricket players. When differentiating between levels of expertise, elite players drew on more "contact" points to assist them in accessing the right type of coaching. Mentors and siblings also featured more frequently for elite players across a broader range of support factors. Taken together, these findings show that elite players are distinguished in their reliance on multiple components within a complex family system, bolstered by additional significant others. This work further underscores the previously limited exploration of social networks in athlete development, highlighting avenues for continued enquiry and action in sport development systems.
目的
探讨不同水平技能专长的男性板球运动员在发展过程中所获得的不同类型的支持（如经济、信息）和支持来源（如父亲、兄弟姐妹）。
方法
通过参与全国性体育组织，向参与者分发了一份评估支持来源和运动员所获得的支持类型的定量问卷（作为澳大利亚研究委员会联合项目的一部分）。探索了总运动员群体（n=1383）中每个提供者的支持类型的描述性趋势（作为相对百分比），并使用卡方分析（p<0.05）探索了社区和精英之间的差异。
结果
母亲和父亲是经济和情感支持的主要提供者（>80%），导师提供了有意义的特定于运动的信息和技术（或教练相关）支持，兄弟姐妹和同伴在作为练习和比赛的同伴方面发挥了不可或缺的发展作用。教练的获得是社区和精英运动员之间所有支持提供者的一贯主要区别点（p<0.05）。导师和兄弟姐妹在更广泛的支持因素范围内也更频繁地出现在精英运动员中（p<0.05）。
结论
无论技能专长水平如何，不同的提供者在支持板球运动员方面都有独特的、特定于情境的角色。在区分专长水平时，精英运动员更多地依赖于“接触”点来帮助他们获得正确类型的教练。导师和兄弟姐妹在更广泛的支持因素范围内也更频繁地出现在精英运动员中。总的来说，这些发现表明，精英运动员在依赖复杂家庭系统内的多个组成部分方面表现出色，并且还得到了其他重要人物的支持。这项工作进一步强调了以前在运动员发展中对社交网络的有限探索，突出了在体育发展系统中继续探究和采取行动的途径。
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