Fundación INFANT, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Acta Med Acad. 2020 Aug;49(2):191-197. doi: 10.5644/ama2006-124.297.
This review addresses differences in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract illness (LRTI) between industrialized and developing countries and provides observations associated with the dissimilar consequences of viral infection in both environments. RSV LRTI is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in infants worldwide. Its burden is highest in developing countries, where most hospitalizations and mortality occur. Palivizumab has been approved for disease prevention in premature infants in numerous countries but its cost and requirement for several doses hampers its routine use. The significant gap between low- and high-income countries in mortality rates stresses the need to identify specific risk factors for RSV LRTI prevention in different populations. CONCLUSION: RSV LTRI continues to be a serious problem for industrialised and developing countries, although mortality occurs preferentially in the latter. Several vaccines and monoclonal antibodies to prevent severe disease are advancing steadily in late phase trials. The next decade may witness a change in the landscape of RSV infections in young infants.
本综述探讨了工业化国家和发展中国家之间呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）下呼吸道疾病（LRTI）的差异，并提供了与两种环境中病毒感染的不同后果相关的观察结果。RSV LRTI 是全球婴儿发病率和死亡率的重要原因。其负担在发展中国家最高，大多数住院和死亡发生在这些国家。在许多国家，帕利珠单抗已被批准用于预防早产儿疾病，但由于其成本高且需要多次给药，限制了其常规使用。高收入和低收入国家之间的死亡率存在显著差距，这凸显了需要在不同人群中确定 RSV LRTI 预防的具体风险因素。结论：尽管 RSV LTRI 仍然是工业化国家和发展中国家的一个严重问题，但死亡率更倾向于后者。几种预防严重疾病的疫苗和单克隆抗体正在后期试验中稳步推进。未来十年，婴幼儿 RSV 感染的格局可能会发生变化。
