University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) - Health and Biosecurity, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia; Wageningen University & Research, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Nutr Res. 2020 Dec;84:25-32. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.09.009. Epub 2020 Oct 2.
The aim of this study was to describe and compare the mean usual dietary intakes of adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and without diabetes living in Australia. Our hypothesis was that adults with T1D have similar dietary intake profiles to adults without diabetes. Data from the National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2011-2012, which formed part of the Australian Health Survey 2011-13, were used and participants ≥18 years of age with T1D and without diabetes were included in the analyses. T1D status was assigned to participants who reported a diabetes diagnosis at age <25 years and still had diabetes at the time of survey completion. Mean usual intakes of energy, macronutrients and carbohydrate-rich food groups, measured by 24-hour recall, were compared between groups using Analysis of Covariance after adjustment for age, sex, socioeconomic status, smoking status and body mass index. The number of adults classified with T1D and without diabetes was n = 43 and n = 8844, respectively. The T1D group had a mean energy intake (%E) of 7873 kJ/day with 45%E from carbohydrates (213 g/day), 31%E from fats (67 g/day) and 20%E from proteins (88 g/day). There were no significant differences in energy or macronutrient intakes between groups (P ≥ .07), except individuals with T1D reported higher intakes of whole grains and high fiber cereals, after multivariable adjustment (2.4 vs 1.7 serves/day; P = .02). In conclusion, adults with and without T1D had similar reported energy and macronutrient intake profiles that are consistent with current dietary recommendations for T1D management and healthy eating guidelines for the general population.
本研究旨在描述和比较澳大利亚患有 1 型糖尿病（T1D）和无糖尿病的成年人的平均日常饮食摄入量。我们的假设是，患有 T1D 的成年人与无糖尿病的成年人具有相似的饮食摄入模式。使用了 2011-2012 年国家营养和身体活动调查的数据，这些数据构成了 2011-2013 年澳大利亚健康调查的一部分，分析中包括年龄≥18 岁、患有 T1D 且无糖尿病的参与者。T1D 状态被分配给在 25 岁之前报告糖尿病诊断且在调查完成时仍患有糖尿病的参与者。使用 24 小时回顾法测量的能量、宏量营养素和富含碳水化合物的食物组的平均日常摄入量，在调整年龄、性别、社会经济地位、吸烟状况和体重指数后，使用协方差分析进行组间比较。患有 T1D 和无糖尿病的成年人人数分别为 n=43 和 n=8844。T1D 组的能量摄入量（%E）平均为 7873kJ/天，碳水化合物占 45%E（213g/天），脂肪占 31%E（67g/天），蛋白质占 20%E（88g/天）。两组之间的能量或宏量营养素摄入量没有显著差异（P≥.07），但经过多变量调整后，T1D 患者报告的全谷物和高纤维谷物摄入量较高（2.4 份/天比 1.7 份/天；P=.02）。总之，患有和不患有 T1D 的成年人的报告能量和宏量营养素摄入量相似，这与 T1D 管理的当前饮食建议和普通人群的健康饮食指南一致。
