Vilenica Marina, Kerovec Mladen, Pozojević Ivana, Mihaljević Zlatko
University of Zagreb, Faculty of Teacher Education, Trg Matice Hrvatske 12, Petrinja, Croatia University of Zagreb Petrinja Croatia.
University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Rooseveltov Trg 6, Zagreb, Croatia University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia.
Zookeys. 2020 Oct 28;980:57-77. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.980.54805. eCollection 2020.
Freshwater ecosystems are endangered worldwide by various human pressures, resulting in dramatic habitat and species loss. Many aquatic invertebrates respond to disturbances in their habitat, and mayflies are among the most sensitive ones. Therefore, we investigated mayfly response to anthropogenic disturbances at 46 study sites encompassing slightly to heavily modified small and mid-sized lowland streams and rivers. Mayfly nymphs were sampled between April and September 2016 using a benthos hand net. A total of 21 species was recorded, with (Linnaeus, 1761) being the most frequently recorded one. Nevertheless, the taxa richness was rather low per site, i.e., between zero and nine. Assemblage structure had a high share of lower reaches and lentic (potamic and littoral) elements, and detritivores (gatherers/collectors and active filter feeders). This indicates that hydromorphological alterations lead to assemblage "potamisation" in small and mid-sized rivers. More mayfly species were related to higher oxygen concentration and lower water temperature, abundance of aquatic vegetation and total organic carbon. Additionally, the assemblage diversity and abundance were negatively associated with increasing intensive agriculture area at the catchment scale. This study confirms mayfly bio-indicative properties, i.e., their sensitivity to alterations of their habitat and pollution, but also provides new data related to mayfly response to the impacted environment. Those data can be used for management and protection activities of lowland rivers and their biota according to the requirements of the European Water Framework Directive.
淡水生态系统在全球范围内受到各种人类压力的威胁，导致栖息地和物种急剧丧失。许多水生无脊椎动物会对其栖息地的干扰做出反应，蜉蝣就是其中最敏感的物种之一。因此，我们在46个研究地点调查了蜉蝣对人为干扰的反应，这些地点涵盖了轻度至重度改造的中小型低地溪流和河流。2016年4月至9月期间，使用底栖动物手网对蜉蝣若虫进行了采样。共记录到21个物种，其中（林奈，1761年）是记录最频繁的物种。然而，每个地点的分类丰富度相当低，即介于零到九个之间。群落结构中，下游和静水（河漫滩和沿岸）元素以及碎屑食性动物（收集者/采集者和活跃的滤食性动物）占比很高。这表明水文形态变化导致中小型河流的群落“河漫滩化”。更多的蜉蝣物种与较高的氧气浓度、较低的水温、水生植被的丰度和总有机碳有关。此外，在流域尺度上，群落多样性和丰度与集约化农业面积的增加呈负相关。这项研究证实了蜉蝣的生物指示特性，即它们对栖息地变化和污染的敏感性，同时也提供了与蜉蝣对受影响环境的反应相关的新数据。这些数据可根据欧洲水框架指令的要求，用于低地河流及其生物群的管理和保护活动。
