Zhu Caixia, Torres Sofia C, Nunes José Pedro L
Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto.
Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal.
Porto Biomed J. 2020 Sep 16;5(5):e083. doi: 10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000083. eCollection 2020 Sep-Oct.
Aortic valve fenestrations (AVFs) seem to be relatively common; however, their impact in human heart disease is not entirely clear.
A review was carried out to assess all scientific literature on human patients related to AVFs, as described in the published literature. The search was conducted on 2 different databases, Medline (PubMed), and ISI Web of Knowledge.
Fifty-five reports were under analysis. Autopsy studies showed AVFs to be present in 55.9% of individuals studied in such studies. They occur more frequently in men and, in general, their frequency increases with age. Although common, fenestrations rarely cause regurgitation; however, they may play an important role in the pathophysiology of some cases of severe aortic regurgitation. AVFs have been described in patients with Down syndrome and Marfan syndrome, in patients with bicuspid or quadricuspid valves, and in patients with myxomatous valvular degeneration. Echocardiographic assessment of aortic regurgitation seems to have limitations in the diagnosis of valvular fenestrations.
Fenestrations of the aortic valve are very common and are associated with certain clinical conditions. It is unknown if AVFs play any role in the current epidemic of aortic valve disease. Future studies should aim to better define the role of AVFs in aortic valve disease, to further understand its etiology and to develop diagnostic criteria.
主动脉瓣开窗术（AVFs）似乎相对常见；然而，其在人类心脏病中的影响尚不完全清楚。
如已发表文献所述，进行了一项综述以评估所有关于人类患者与AVFs相关的科学文献。检索在两个不同数据库进行，即医学文献数据库（PubMed）和科学网（ISI Web of Knowledge）。
正在分析55份报告。尸检研究表明，在此类研究中所研究的个体中有55.9%存在AVFs。它们在男性中更常见，并且一般来说，其发生率随年龄增长而增加。尽管常见，但开窗术很少引起反流；然而，它们可能在某些严重主动脉反流病例的病理生理学中起重要作用。AVFs已在唐氏综合征和马凡综合征患者、二尖瓣或四尖瓣患者以及黏液瘤性瓣膜退变患者中被描述。超声心动图对主动脉反流的评估在瓣膜开窗术的诊断中似乎存在局限性。
主动脉瓣开窗术非常常见，且与某些临床情况相关。目前尚不清楚AVFs在当前主动脉瓣疾病流行中是否起任何作用。未来的研究应旨在更好地确定AVFs在主动脉瓣疾病中的作用，进一步了解其病因并制定诊断标准。
