Ragni Pietro, Marino Massimiliano, Formisano Debora, Bisaccia Eufemia, Scaltriti Stefania, Bedeschi Emanuela, Grilli Roberto
Unit of Clinical Governance, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia,42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
Department of Public Health, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
Vaccines (Basel). 2020 Nov 12;8(4):675. doi: 10.3390/vaccines8040675.
We explored whether influenza vaccination (IV) affects susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients in 17,608 residents of the Italian province of Reggio Emilia undergoing a SARS-CoV-2 test. Exposure to IV was ascertained and the strength of the association with SARS-CoV-2 positivity expressed with odds ratios (OR). Rates of hospitalisations and death in those found positive were assessed and hazard ratios (HR) were estimated. The prevalence of IV was 34.3% in the 4885 SARS-CoV-2 positive and 29.5% in the 12,723 negative subjects, but the adjusted OR indicated that vaccinated individuals had a lower probability of testing positive (OR = 0.89; 95% CI 0.80-0.99). Among the 4885 positive individuals, 1676 had received IV. After adjusting for confounding factors, there was no association between IV and hospitalisation (1.00; 95% CI 0.84-1.29) or death (HR = 1.14; 95% CI 0.95-1.37). However, for patients age ≥65 vaccinated close to the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, HRs were 0.66 (95% CI: 0.44-0.98) and 0.70 (95% CI 0.50-1.00), for hospitalisation and death, respectively. In this study, IV was associated with a lower probability of COVID-19 diagnosis. In COVID-19 patients, overall, IV did not affect outcomes, although a protective effect was observed for the elderly receiving IV almost in parallel with the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. These findings provide reassurance in planning IV campaigns and underscore the need for exploring further their impact on COVID-19.
我们对意大利雷焦艾米利亚省17608名接受新冠病毒检测的居民进行了研究，以探讨流感疫苗接种（IV）是否会影响新冠病毒感染的易感性以及新冠患者的临床结局。确定了流感疫苗接种情况，并以比值比（OR）表示与新冠病毒阳性的关联强度。评估了检测呈阳性者的住院率和死亡率，并估计了风险比（HR）。在4885名新冠病毒阳性者中，流感疫苗接种率为34.3%；在12723名阴性者中，接种率为29.5%。但校正后的OR表明，接种疫苗的个体检测呈阳性的概率较低（OR = 0.89；95%置信区间0.80 - 0.99）。在4885名阳性个体中，有1676人接种了流感疫苗。在对混杂因素进行校正后，流感疫苗接种与住院（1.00；95%置信区间0.84 - 1.29）或死亡（HR = 1.14；95%置信区间0.95 - 1.37）之间无关联。然而，对于在新冠病毒疫情爆发前后接种疫苗的65岁及以上患者，住院和死亡的HR分别为0.66（95%置信区间：0.44 - 0.98）和0.70（95%置信区间0.50 - 1.00）。在本研究中，流感疫苗接种与新冠病毒诊断概率较低相关。总体而言，在新冠患者中，流感疫苗接种并未影响结局，不过在与新冠病毒疫情几乎同时接种疫苗的老年人中观察到了保护作用。这些发现为规划流感疫苗接种活动提供了信心，并强调了进一步探索其对新冠病毒影响的必要性。
