Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2021 Mar 2;106:110145. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110145. Epub 2020 Oct 22.
The intestine and the gut-associated limphoid tissue constitute the largest immunity organ of the human body. Among several possible tryptophan metabolism routes, the kynurenine pathway can be influenced by the gut microbiota. Disturbances of gut biodiversity may cause increased gut permeability and cause systemic inflammation, also related to central nervous system. Proinflammatory cytokines induce kynurenine pathway enzymes resulting in formation of neuroactive metabolites, which are being associated with several psychiatric disorders. The kynurenine pathway may also be influenced by certain bacteria species directly. The aim of this review is to highlight the current knowledge on the interaction of gut microbiota and the central nervous system with the kynurenine pathway taken into special account. Up to date study results on specific psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Alzheimer's disease, autism spectrum disorders, depression and alcoholism are presented. Available evidence suggests that toxicity of kynurenine metabolites may be reduced by adjunction of probiotics which can affect proinflammatory cytokines. Due to their potential for modulation of the kynurenine pathway, gut microbiota pose an interesting target for future therapies.
肠道和肠道相关的淋巴组织构成了人体最大的免疫器官。在几种可能的色氨酸代谢途径中，犬尿氨酸途径可受到肠道微生物群的影响。肠道生物多样性的紊乱可能导致肠道通透性增加，并引起全身炎症，这也与中枢神经系统有关。促炎细胞因子诱导犬尿氨酸途径的酶，导致形成神经活性代谢物，这些代谢物与几种精神疾病有关。犬尿氨酸途径也可能直接受到某些细菌种类的影响。本文综述的目的是强调肠道微生物群和中枢神经系统与犬尿氨酸途径相互作用的最新知识。特别考虑了这一点。目前关于特定精神疾病的研究结果，如精神分裂症、双相情感障碍、阿尔茨海默病、自闭症谱系障碍、抑郁症和酒精中毒。现有证据表明，益生菌的加入可以减少犬尿氨酸代谢物的毒性，从而影响促炎细胞因子。由于它们对犬尿氨酸途径的调节潜力，肠道微生物群成为未来治疗的一个有趣靶点。
