College of Metrology and Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
Petrochina West Pipeline Company, Urumchi, 830000, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Mar;28(11):14092-14104. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-11650-x. Epub 2020 Nov 17.
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) concentrations and distributions, emission factors and amounts, and ambient air and soil potential sources were investigated by collecting flue gas, ambient air, and soil samples from ten sintering furnaces and two electric arc furnaces of eight iron and steel smelting industries (ISSI) in China. In flue gas, the concentrations of PCDD/Fs ranged from 0.05 to 2.93 ng I-TEQ Nm (mass, from 0.38 to 30.67 ng Nm), with an average of 0.42 ng I-TEQ Nm (mass, 4.99 ng Nm), respectively. In ambient air, the concentrations ranged from 0.05 to 0.35 pg I-TEQ m (mass, from 0.66 to 5.66 pg m), with an average of 0.20 pg I-TEQ m (mass, 2.96 pg m), respectively. In surface soil, the concentrations ranged from 1.80 to 21.02 ng I-TEQ kg (mass, from 34.29 to 836.00 ng kg), with an average of 5.82 ng I-TEQ kg (mass, 252.10 ng kg), respectively. In deep soil, the concentrations ranged from 1.17 to 12.00 ng I-TEQ kg (mass, from 56.83 to 1488.00 ng kg), with an average of 7.76 ng I-TEQ kg (mass, 433.20 ng kg), respectively. Compared with emission limits for PCDD/Fs, the compliance was 78.9% in flue gas, 100% in ambient air, and 77.3% in soil. In congener profiles, the contributions of PCDFs were much higher than those of PCDDs in flue gas and ambient air, but the opposite was observed in soil. In ten sintering furnaces, the emission factors ranged from 22.11 to 901.22 ng I-TEQ t, with an average of 373.80 ng I-TEQ t, respectively. In two electric arc furnaces, the emission factors were 1667.52 and 894.96 ng I-TEQ t, with an average of 1281.24 ng I-TEQ t. According to both principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis, all ambient air samples were affected by the emissions of PCDD/Fs from ISSIs, but to different degrees. However, the concentrations of PCDD/Fs in most soil samples were not influenced by the ISSI emissions.
多氯二苯并对二恶英和多氯二苯并呋喃（PCDD/Fs）浓度和分布、排放因子和排放量，以及环境空气和土壤的潜在污染源，通过收集来自中国 8 家钢铁冶炼行业（ISSI）的 10 个烧结炉和 2 个电弧炉的烟道气、环境空气和土壤样品进行了研究。在烟道气中，PCDD/Fs 的浓度范围为 0.05 至 2.93 ng I-TEQ Nm（质量范围为 0.38 至 30.67 ng Nm），平均值为 0.42 ng I-TEQ Nm（质量为 4.99 ng Nm）。在环境空气中，浓度范围为 0.05 至 0.35 pg I-TEQ m（质量范围为 0.66 至 5.66 pg m），平均值为 0.20 pg I-TEQ m（质量为 2.96 pg m）。在地表土壤中，浓度范围为 1.80 至 21.02 ng I-TEQ kg（质量范围为 34.29 至 836.00 ng kg），平均值为 5.82 ng I-TEQ kg（质量为 252.10 ng kg）。在深层土壤中，浓度范围为 1.17 至 12.00 ng I-TEQ kg（质量范围为 56.83 至 1488.00 ng kg），平均值为 7.76 ng I-TEQ kg（质量为 433.20 ng kg）。与 PCDD/Fs 的排放限值相比，烟道气中的达标率为 78.9%，环境空气中的达标率为 100%，土壤中的达标率为 77.3%。在同系物分布方面，PCDFs 的贡献率在烟道气和环境空气中均远高于 PCDDs，但在土壤中则相反。在 10 个烧结炉中，排放因子范围为 22.11 至 901.22 ng I-TEQ t，平均值为 373.80 ng I-TEQ t。在 2 个电弧炉中，排放因子分别为 1667.52 和 894.96 ng I-TEQ t，平均值为 1281.24 ng I-TEQ t。根据主成分分析和层次聚类分析，所有环境空气样本均受到 ISSI 排放的 PCDD/Fs 的影响，但影响程度不同。然而，大多数土壤样本中 PCDD/Fs 的浓度不受 ISSI 排放的影响。
