Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China; Australia-China Centre for Air Quality Science and Management (Guangdong), Guangzhou, 511443, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
Guangdong Ecological Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou, 510308, China.
Environ Pollut. 2022 Jan 1;292(Pt A):118265. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118265. Epub 2021 Sep 30.
Although biomass fuel has always been regarded as a source of sustainable energy, it potentially emits polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). This study investigated PCDD/F emissions from industrial boilers fired with three types of biomass fuel (i.e., bagasse, coffee residue, and biomass pellets) via stack sampling and laboratory analysis. The measured mass concentrations of PCDD/Fs varied among the boilers from 0.0491 to 12.7 ng Nm (11% O), with the calculated average international toxic equivalent quantity (I-TEQ) from 0.00195 to 1.71 ng I-TEQ Nm (11% O). Some of them were beyond the limit value for municipal waste incineration. 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF could be used as a good indicator of dioxin-induced toxicity of stack flue gases from biomass-fired boilers. The PCDFs/PCDDs ratios were more than 1, likely indicating the formation of dioxins in the boilers favored by de novo synthesis. The emission factor (EF) of total PCDD/Fs averaged 5.35 ng I-TEQ kg air-dry biomass (equivalent to 39.0 ng kg air-dry biomass). Specifically, the mean EF was 6.94 ng I-TEQ kg (52.6 ng kg) for biomass-pellet-fired boiler, 11.8 ng I-TEQ kg (74.6 ng kg) for coffee-residue -fired boiler, and 0.0277 ng I-TEQ kg (0.489 ng kg) for bagasse-fired boilers. The annual PCDD/F emission was estimated to be 208 g I-TEQ in 2020 in China, accounting for approximately 2% of the total national annual emission of PCDD/Fs. The results can be used to develop PCDD/Fs emission inventories and offer valuable insights to authorities regarding utilizing biomass in industry in the future.
虽然生物质燃料一直被视为可持续能源的来源，但它也可能会排放多氯二苯并对二恶英和多氯二苯并呋喃（PCDD/Fs）。本研究通过烟囱采样和实验室分析，调查了三种生物质燃料（即甘蔗渣、咖啡渣和生物质颗粒）燃烧的工业锅炉的 PCDD/F 排放情况。从锅炉中测量到的 PCDD/Fs 质量浓度在 0.0491 到 12.7 ng Nm（11% O）之间，计算得出的国际毒性等效数量（I-TEQ）平均值为 0.00195 到 1.71 ng I-TEQ Nm（11% O）。其中一些超过了城市垃圾焚烧的限值。2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF 可用作生物质燃烧锅炉烟囱烟道气中二恶英诱导毒性的良好指标。PCDFs/PCDDs 比值大于 1，可能表明在新合成的锅炉中形成了二恶英。总 PCDD/Fs 的排放因子（EF）平均为 5.35 ng I-TEQ kg 风干生物质（相当于 39.0 ng kg 风干生物质）。具体而言，生物质颗粒燃料锅炉的平均 EF 为 6.94 ng I-TEQ kg（52.6 ng kg），咖啡渣燃料锅炉的平均 EF 为 11.8 ng I-TEQ kg（74.6 ng kg），而甘蔗渣燃料锅炉的平均 EF 为 0.0277 ng I-TEQ kg（0.489 ng kg）。据估计，2020 年中国 PCDD/F 的年排放量为 208 g I-TEQ，约占 PCDD/F 全国年排放量的 2%。研究结果可用于编制 PCDD/F 排放清单，并为当局在未来利用工业生物质提供有价值的见解。
