NTU Institute for Health Technologies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
Chem Soc Rev. 2021 Jan 7;50(1):619-657. doi: 10.1039/d0cs00150c. Epub 2020 Nov 18.
Two-dimensional (2D) materials are at the forefront of materials research. Here we overview their applications beyond graphene, such as transition metal dichalcogenides, monoelemental Xenes (including phosphorene and bismuthene), carbon nitrides, boron nitrides along with transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes). We discuss their usage in various biomedical and environmental monitoring applications, from biosensors to therapeutic treatment agents, their toxicity and their utility in chemical sensing. We highlight how a specific chemical, physical and optical property of 2D materials can influence the performance of bio/sensing, improve drug delivery and photo/thermal therapy as well as affect their toxicity. Such properties are determined by crystal phases electrical conductivity, degree of exfoliation, surface functionalization, strong photoluminescence, strong optical absorption in the near-infrared range and high photothermal conversion efficiency. This review conveys the great future of all the families of 2D materials, especially with the expanding 2D materials' landscape as new materials emerge such as germanene and silicene.
二维（2D）材料是材料研究的前沿。在这里，我们综述了除石墨烯以外的二维材料的应用，如过渡金属二卤化物、单元素 Xenes（包括磷烯和铋烯）、碳氮化物、硼氮化物以及过渡金属碳化物和氮化物（MXenes）。我们讨论了它们在各种生物医学和环境监测应用中的用途，从生物传感器到治疗剂，以及它们的毒性和在化学传感中的应用。我们强调了二维材料的特定化学、物理和光学性质如何影响生物/感测性能，改善药物输送和光/热疗，以及影响它们的毒性。这些性质取决于晶体相电导率、剥离程度、表面功能化、强磷光、近红外范围内的强光学吸收和高光热转换效率。这篇综述传达了所有二维材料家族的巨大前景，特别是随着锗烯和硅烯等新材料的出现，二维材料的前景更加广阔。
