Department of Cell Toxicology, UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
Department of Effect Directed Analysis, UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
Environ Sci Technol. 2020 Dec 15;54(24):15861-15871. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05537. Epub 2020 Nov 19.
Sediment-associated risks depend on the bioavailable fraction of organic chemicals and cannot be comprehended by their total concentrations. The present study investigated contamination patterns of bioavailable chemicals in sediments from various sites around the globe by using passive equilibrium sampling. The extracts had been characterized previously for mixture effects by in vitro reporter gene assays and were in this study analyzed using gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry for 121 chemicals including both legacy and emerging contaminants. The spatial distribution of the detected chemicals revealed distinct contamination patterns among sampling sites. We identified compounds in common at the different sites but most contaminant mixtures were site-specific. The mixture effects of the detected chemicals were predicted with a mixture toxicity model from effect concentrations of bioactive single chemicals and detected concentrations, applying a joint model for concentration addition and independent action. The predicted mixture effects were dominated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and among the chemicals with available effect data, 17% elicited oxidative stress response and 18% activated the arylhydrocarbon receptor. Except for two sites in Sweden, where 11 and 38% of the observed oxidative stress response were explained by the detected chemicals, less than 10% of effects in both biological end points were explained. These results provide a comprehensive investigation of bioavailable contamination patterns of sediments and may serve as an example of employing passive equilibrium sampling as a monitoring technique to integrate the risk of bioavailable sediment-associated chemicals in aquatic environments.
沉积物相关的风险取决于有机化学物质的生物可利用部分，而不能仅通过其总浓度来理解。本研究通过使用被动平衡采样，调查了全球不同地点沉积物中生物可利用化学物质的污染模式。先前已使用体外报告基因测定法对提取物进行了混合物效应的特征描述，本研究使用气相色谱-高分辨率质谱法对 121 种化学物质（包括传统和新兴污染物）进行了分析，这些化学物质包括 121 种化学物质，包括传统和新兴污染物。检测到的化学物质的空间分布揭示了采样点之间明显的污染模式。我们在不同地点发现了共同的化合物，但大多数污染物混合物是特定于地点的。应用浓度加和和独立作用的联合模型，从生物活性单一组分的浓度和检测到的浓度预测了检测到的化学物质的混合物效应。预测的混合物效应主要由多环芳烃引起，在所检测到的化学物质中，有 17%的化学物质引起氧化应激反应，18%的化学物质激活芳香烃受体。除了瑞典的两个地点外，在这两个地点，观察到的氧化应激反应有 11%和 38%可以用检测到的化学物质来解释，而在这两个生物终点的效应中，不到 10%可以用检测到的化学物质来解释。这些结果提供了对沉积物中生物可利用污染模式的全面调查，并且可以作为使用被动平衡采样作为监测技术的一个例子，以整合水生环境中生物可利用的沉积物相关化学物质的风险。
