INSERM UMRS 970, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France.
Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8612, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
Trends Mol Med. 2021 Mar;27(3):231-247. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.10.006. Epub 2020 Nov 17.
There is increasing evidence that extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate the paracrine effects of stem cells. Although EVs have several attractive characteristics, they also raise issues related to delivery. For patients with cardiac disease that require a surgical procedure, direct intramyocardial (IM) administration of EVs is straightforward but its efficacy may be limited by fast wash-out, hence the interest of incorporating EVs into a controlled release polymer to optimize their residence time. For patients without surgical indication, the intravenous (IV) route is attractive because of its lack of invasiveness; however, whole-body distribution limits the fraction of EVs that reach the heart, hence the likely benefits of EV engineering to increase EV homing to the target tissue.
越来越多的证据表明，细胞外囊泡（EVs）介导干细胞的旁分泌作用。尽管 EVs 具有许多吸引人的特点，但它们也引发了与输送相关的问题。对于需要手术治疗的心脏病患者，直接向心肌内（IM）注射 EVs 很简单，但由于快速冲洗，其疗效可能受到限制，因此将 EVs 纳入控释聚合物以优化其驻留时间的方法引起了人们的兴趣。对于没有手术指征的患者，由于其非侵入性，静脉内（IV）途径很有吸引力；然而，全身分布限制了到达心脏的 EV 部分，因此 EV 工程改造以增加 EV 向靶组织归巢的可能性是有益的。
