Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India.
Gene. 2021 Feb 5;768:145323. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145323. Epub 2020 Nov 19.
Gene expression is the key to cellular functions and homeostasis. Histone modifications regulate chromatin dynamics and gene expression. Neuronal cell functions largely depend on fluxes of neurotransmitters for activation of chromatin and gene expression. New studies by Lepack et al. and Farrelly et al. recently demonstrated how tissue transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) mediated histone glutamine modifications, either dopaminylation in the dopaminergic reward pathway or serotonylation in the context of cellular differentiation and signaling regulate gene expression and decipher striking differences from their known functions. This opens new avenues of research in the field of epigenetics in general and neuroepigenetics as special; and to find out the enzymes responsible for the reversible reaction of histone de-dopaminylation and de-serotonylation.
基因表达是细胞功能和内稳态的关键。组蛋白修饰调节染色质动力学和基因表达。神经元细胞功能在很大程度上依赖于神经递质的流动来激活染色质和基因表达。最近，Lepack 等人和 Farrellly 等人的新研究表明，组织转谷氨酰胺酶 2（TGM2）介导的组蛋白谷氨酰胺修饰，无论是在多巴胺能奖励途径中的多巴胺化还是在细胞分化和信号转导的情况下的血清素化，都调节基因表达，并从其已知功能中揭示出显著差异。这为表观遗传学领域开辟了新的研究途径，特别是神经表观遗传学；并找出负责组蛋白脱多巴胺化和脱血清素化可逆反应的酶。
