Characterization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cis-prenyltransferase required for dolichyl phosphate biosynthesis.

The prenyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of dolichyl phosphate has been characterized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Although the enzyme is predominantly membrane-bound, a significant percentage was found in the soluble fraction. The prenyltransferase preferentially utilizes farnesyl pyrophosphate as the allylic substrate and isopentenyl pyrophosphate as cosubstrate with half-maximal velocities obtained at 25 and 6.7 microM, respectively. The enzymatic activity is sensitive to sulfhydryl reagents and is inhibited by all detergents tested, except 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate at concentrations less than 5 mM. The product of the reaction has been characterized as an alpha-unsaturated polyprenyl pyrophosphate, containing 12-15 isoprene units, approximately two isoprene units shorter than the endogenous yeast dolichyl phosphate. The stereochemistry of addition of isoprene units by the prenyltransferase was shown to be cis by a comparison of the HPLC retention time for a pentadecaprenyl phosphate derived from the in vitro reaction product with that for an authentic mixture of alpha-cis- and alpha-trans-pentadecaprenyl phosphates.