Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Neurol Clin. 2021 Feb;39(1):197-207. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2020.09.011. Epub 2020 Nov 7.
Viral encephalitis is difficult to treat. Herpes simplex encephalitis has been successfully treated with acyclovir, but is still a cause for significant morbidity even with that treatment. A rare form of autoimmune encephalitis related to NMDA receptor antibody after infection by herpes simplex can be treated with corticosteroid therapy. Arthropod-borne encephalitides, such as West Nile virus encephalitis and Eastern equine encephalitis, are primarily treated with supportive measures. Attempts have been made to use immunoglobulin therapy with limited effects. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy has been treated with an emerging immune activation therapy in a limited number of patients with incomplete success.
病毒性脑炎难以治疗。单纯疱疹性脑炎已成功用阿昔洛韦治疗，但即使采用这种治疗方法，仍会导致严重的发病率。一种罕见的自身免疫性脑炎与单纯疱疹感染后 NMDA 受体抗体有关，可以用皮质类固醇治疗。节肢动物传播的脑炎，如西尼罗河病毒脑炎和东部马脑炎，主要采用支持性措施治疗。免疫球蛋白治疗的尝试效果有限。少数患者尝试了新兴的免疫激活疗法治疗进行性多灶性白质脑病，但不完全成功。
