Wiwad Dylan, Mercier Brett, Piff Paul K, Shariff Azim, Aknin Lara B
Department of Management and Organizations, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University 2211 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, 4324 SBSG, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
J Exp Soc Psychol. 2021 Mar;93:104083. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2020.104083. Epub 2020 Nov 14.
The novel Coronavirus that spread around the world in early 2020 triggered a global pandemic and economic downturn that affected nearly everyone. Yet the crisis had a disproportionate impact on the poor and revealed how easily working-class individuals' financial security can be destabilised by factors beyond personal control. In a pre-registered longitudinal study of Americans ( = 233) spanning April 2019 to May 2020, we tested whether the pandemic altered beliefs about the extent to which poverty is caused by external forces and internal dispositions and support for economic inequality. Over this timespan, participants revealed a shift in their attributions for poverty, reporting that poverty is more strongly impacted by external-situational causes and less by internal-dispositional causes. However, we did not detect an overall mean-level change in opposition to inequality or support for government intervention. Instead, only for those who most strongly recognized the negative impact of COVID-19 did changes in poverty attributions translate to decreased support for inequality, and increased support for government intervention to help the poor.
2020年初在全球传播的新型冠状病毒引发了一场全球大流行和经济衰退，几乎影响到了每一个人。然而，这场危机对穷人产生了不成比例的影响，并揭示了工人阶级个人的财务安全是多么容易受到个人无法控制的因素的破坏。在一项对2019年4月至2020年5月期间的美国人（N = 233）进行的预先注册的纵向研究中，我们测试了这场大流行是否改变了人们对贫困在多大程度上是由外部力量和内在性格造成的看法，以及对经济不平等的支持。在此期间，参与者揭示了他们对贫困归因的转变，报告称贫困受外部情境因素的影响更大，而受内在性格因素的影响更小。然而，我们没有发现反对不平等或支持政府干预的总体平均水平变化。相反，只有那些最强烈认识到COVID-19负面影响的人，贫困归因的变化才会转化为对不平等支持的减少，以及对政府帮助穷人干预措施支持的增加。
